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the conventions of crime fiction
good/morning/afternoon. i have been asked here today to illustrate the generic conventions of crime fiction and how they are used to create the myster and suspense that are the backbone of the entertaining world of crime fiction.
we will over the coarse see how they are both used for the genre itself and the subversion into other genre, looking speciifically at Tom Stoppads play The Real Inspector Hound (TRIH), The Big Sleep directe by Howard Hawke, cosy crime fiction og A Pocket Full of Rye directed by Guy Slater and Fyodor Dosteovskys powerful novel Crime and Punishment
What are the conventions of crime fiction?
typically it is the crime, the stereotypical detective, a formulaic method of solving the crime, thrown in with suspense, femme fatale, mystery and sexual tension. all these create the foundations of crime fiction, one of the most popular and entertaining genres.
taking a look at Hawkes The Big Sleep we see the general use of the crime fiction elements to create a cult classic of its era. Firstly setting is a crucial key. hawke has installed a film noir atmosphere throughout the film to emulate a dark and corrupt world, perfect for the shady goings on and multiple murders and crimes. this noir ere is captured through the use of dar lighting, night time scenes and a sinister atmosphere pervading scenes, like that of Geigers house. chinese iconography instills a noir ere and image of an opium den, all point to crime and create a tense and suspenseful atmosphere, as malrowe searches the house for clues. fog and rain has also been used to close the set off and darken he scenes with a miasm of mistrust that infiltrated all the characters.
Marlowe is also the archetype of the slueth hero, he is alienated from society, yet gains the attention of women, where ever he goes (Clssically the acme book store clerk). there is also the other side where he is serious and dedicated to his work, staying loyal to his clients no matter what the cost. we see this whn Marlowe saves the enamelled dames from perverted venality while managing to keep the Sternwood name out of the papers marlowe also stays on the case, no matter how much others try to sugar him off. thus it is pivotl tht the detective embodies this stereotypical image to make the viewer and reader seem prepared and on a level with the detective.
still with all this there must be use of other subplots and techniques to keep the viewer interested and add variation. if it stuck to the ephemeral time bound conventions it would offer no originality. thus Hawke has introduced the sexual tension between Marlowe and vivian as they vie for the best lines in the sexually inclined race horse talk. this gave the novel an aspect of female provocativeness and created further tension and suspense though the insulant and luscivious scenes between the two. however this aspect of romance and sexual attraction has become more sommonly used and add a depth of realism to the otherwise cold world of the detective.
ambiguity may not be a generic convention, but it has been used well to create the same integral viewer interaction and mystery as normal conventions. at the beginning and end we are presented with amorous silhouetted figures embracing or with smouldering cigaretts, both symbolise the idea of what are ther doing or who are they? these leads to further questioning of the crimes. this creates a new level of intrigue. remember that genre is also about adapting to the passing ideology of society, as it will change and transform. for the Big Sleep era it clearyly reveals societies beleif of untrusting nature.
there is quite a differen use of crime fiction elements in Stoppards TRIH, Stoppard has subverted the conventions while also exaggerating them to pardoy the popularity of the genre and also make deeper comments on society. Stoppard has done this by turning the comfy drwing room crime world of Agatha Christie upside down through the use of play within a play. thus Stopard has used these conventions as a vehicle to ridicule the mundanity of crime fiction. it clearly points out the elements that are always present in Golden Age drime fiction. firstly is the detailed setting, differney to The Big Sleep, it is supposed to be quite and of the rich nobility, a country manor, but somehow thse country manors are always isolated and cut off from the rest of the world and strangely inaccessible thus all the suspects are trapped in the house and th main room to be anayles and revealed as the culprit, Stoppard has exaggerted this to reveal the impluasible settings that comprise Golden Age crime fiction.
Stoppard has also sent up the use of red herrings by making them blatantly obvious, no viewr would actually be persuaded to believe that they were the murderer. Stoppard has both felicity and Cynthia retort I will kill you for this Simon Gascoyne this ponts out the pointlessness of red herring and there waste of time they represent. this is similar to stopparsa philosophy that is existentially inclined to the meaninglessness of life and existance. stoppard achieves this through absurd situations, the elegant Cynthia stepping off the tennis court in a cocktail dress, all to remain as the glamourous hostess, exposing the implausible plots of typical crime fiction. the use od incomphrenable dialogue between Birdboot and Moon conveys the same absurdist ideas. the two converse at a complete crossing of wires, this hightens stoppards belief that speech is an ineffective form of communication, reptition is also extensively used (Half the Play) to reveal this.
a common golden age crime fiction element is th secret pasts of character, often turning out to be lost lovers or Woke up from amnesia just like the coincidentale Magnus coming from Canada and finally revealingto be the lost Albert Muldoon. the exaggeration of this reveals the pointlessness of the fastidious attention to detail and charaters past scandals and life.
TRIH was based on Agatha Christies The Mousetrap thus looking at Slaters film adaptation of A pocketful of Rye shed new light on the parosy present in TRIH
we are initially submersed into the detailed setting of Yew tree lodge, the typical country manor, it is cut off from the qoeld vut a myriad of characters find their way nito th manor, all becoming suspects. the setting was not as dark and aminous as that of the big sleep, it was much lighter to go with the era, thus the conventions were different then as it had to be adjusted to the edicts of society, crime fiction became simpler and down to a code (a rather inane code at that). the crimes were always related back to greed, jealousy or revenge. Lance conicidently came home to then take revenge on the family for his mistreatment by Rex Fortesque, the father. the crimes themselves were never of much substance or never seen, like simply and clean poisonings. this had changed from the original vivid decpiction of Edgar Allen Poes grotesque murders.
we also see the idea of detailed pasts and secrets that make themselves apparent for the viewers entertainment. Mrs Percible becomes the grudge holding Mrs Mcjenzie, who had been putting dead black birds around the house to get revenge for her mother and father over black bird mine it was this comphensive detail of the characterrs that was commonly used to act as a form of red herring. we would be led to suspecting the murderer was mrs mckenzie, but by the resolution that had all changed and that subplot ended up being an interestingly peculiar deadend.
then there is mrs marple, the old fragile lady that manages to solve a complex set of murders. very typical of the slueth at the time, the use of the average person allowed the viewer to empthaise with them and fel more involved with the story. however mrs marple is also portrayed as having that inate ability to know what should and what has gone one. Slater used a voice over of mrs marple stating what had gone on at breakfast to show her ability to fathom out impossible clues. music related to the nursery rhyme A pocketful of rye also points out her masterful intuition, she knew what was going to happen ans what already happened. mrs marple became smarter than the poloce. a common trait of the slueth, both hardboiled and golden age.
there is also the differing use of crime ficiton conventions for a different purpose, the indepth look at the disturbed psyche of a criminal in Dosteovskys Crime and Punishment the conventions are loosely abided to and are realry used in the true crime ficiton sense as the novel mainly deals with the conscience and struggle with confession and guilt.
the setting of the hard boilded crime fiction, that of the big sleep is very similar to the seedy noir setting created with a sombre and suffering mood in crime and punishment cramped stuffy and claustrophobic apartments are jammed together in the dank down and out streets of 1th century russia. this creates the atmosphere of crime used to get ahes and the marxist era of russia, expecially since dosteovsky was sommunistly inclined. it created the feel that anything could happen and look around the corner and a grave crime would be being committed.
this confined atmosphere is juxtaposed to the protagonist Raskolnikovs murder for freedom under Nietzches Superman theory. this juxtapostion creates confusion and turmoil, further echoing raskolnikovx mind, emphaising the link of individual turmoil to that of the nation caught in turmoil and the dangers of excessive individualism.
the alienation and introversion of the detective has been manifested into raskolnikov, this can be felt through the use of first person narration, that puts us in the kind of raskolnikov and the angst as he deals with the guilt of killing someone. further mimiced through sybolism of blood for double murder, dreams for the disturbed pscyhe and finally religious allusions of lazarus, as the allegorical ressurection of raskolnikov back into society.
there is also the typical detective Porfiry, he does not play a major rle in the novel but still acts as the antagonist and the archetype detective. again he has the inate ability to understande the psyche of the criminal mind and is always one step ahead, playing sat and mouse games with raskolnikov, pushing him over the edge to finally make a confession.
Dosteovsky has also detailed the great suffering of mankind in many forms and especially the mental anguish and angst of comminting a crime, in more than one sense of crime. dosteovsky has shown the other ise of srime and its impact on the perpetraitor. however there is a full resolution of the problem and a moral reasurance, diffenent to the pervailing turmoil of TRIH and TBS. Sonia the kind and benevolant prostitue helps show raskolnikov virtue and love and redeems him back into society.
the conventions of crime fiction will change and morph over time to fit in with the pervailing ideology. however there are links and similarities that will always be present, the detective, the crime, the formualic methedology towards so kind of resolution, even if not complete. remember that we must still look outside of the direct genre to perceive the wide range of genrea that will make up a single tect, sticking to one genre will limity the perception of ideas and thems, and overall enjoyment.
thank you for listening and i hope i have helped you learn and appreciate the vast idea of conventions of crime fiction and genre itself....
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