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The trial of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti for the Braintree, Massachusetts payroll robbery and murders is the politically charged murder case in the history of American law. Many people in America stated their beliefs that Sacco and Vanzetti were guilty of the 11 South Braintree murders and robberies. The judge Webster Thayer of Worcester ruled, and he executed them in August 17. The question still remains today whether they were guilty or not guilty of the murders and robberies. Everyone may have their own opinion of guilt or innocence in this case. In my opinion, Sacco and Vanzetti did not and they could not have committed the crimes for which they were put to death.
On April 15, 10, on Pearl Street in South Braintree, Massachusetts, a paymaster named Parmenter and his guard, Berardelli, were shot to death in front of the Slater and Morrill and the Rice and Hutchins Shoe factories. These were the murders for which Sacco and Vanzetti were later executed. As the shots were fired, an automobile parked in front of Slater passed the scene of the crime and stole the money and then they escaped fast. According to a witness, there were "two men in the car, the driver and a man we cannot describe, in the back seat" (Ehrmann1). Then two days later the investigators found an abandoned car that looked similar to the getaway car in the woods near Cochesett.
On May 5, 10, Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested on a street car. Sacco was a shoe-worker and Vanzetti was a fish peddle. Neither of them had ever been accused of crime prior to this date. At this point the police did not have any specific evidence to accuse them but they were arrested because they had called for Bodas Overland (car) at a
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West Bridgewater garage with their friends Orciani and Boda. The car was suspected in connection with the crime, and at the trial was ruled out as evidence. Both Sacco and Vanzetii were accused for the south Braintree murders on September 11, 10, and convicted on July 14, 11.
Many people said Judge Webster Thayer of Worcester ruled this case with prejudice against the defendants, because Sacco and Vanzetti were Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers. At this time, many Americans were antiforeignists. They were against the immigrants and against those people who go against their government. "Under the Massachusetts law one man and only one man could grant Sacco and Vanzetti a new trial and that man was Judge Thayer" (Ehrman, 10). However, Judge Thayer had not show any mercy on Sacco and Vanzetti.
Many people wanted a second trial, but Judge Thayer denied a second trial. From July 11 to May 16 many people were unsuccessful to obtain new trials for Sacco and Vanzetti. As I do some research on the Sacco-Vanzetti case, I came up with a question. "Why did Judge Thayer deny Sacco and Vanzetti a second trial?" This is a question that came into my mind. Assuming that Sacco and Vanzetti were as guilty as Judge Thayer believed them to be, then a second jury would not hurt Judge Thayer's choice. If the first trial convicted them as guilty, then a second trial would surely have found them guilty, but why didn't Judge Thayer agree to have a second trial? This made the public go against him more.
Another thing that came to my mind was that I do not think Sacco and Vanzetti had such a special skills to organize a successful plan of the dangerous and complicated
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crime. There is nothing in the record or elsewhere to indicate that Sacco and Vanzetti knew their way around in this crime. I do not think they knew how to find the partners in crime that they needed. Remember that they were Italians and rarely spoke English. They did not know how to speak English well, and this was one of the disadvantages they had in court. Some questions that they answered were misunderstood. Although they were allowed to have interpreters, it did not help them much because during the trial the prosecution emphasized the men's radical political beliefs. If this is a case of murdering, then why didn't the court focus on the main issues, instead of on their radical political beliefs.
During this time there are many disadvantages for Sacco and Vanzetti. They were anarchists and Americans feared that they would bring corruption to the United States. Another disadvantage is that they were arrested "in a period of wild anti-Red hysteria" (Russell 5). They both had no knowledge about the crime and they were executed for a murder that they did not commit. I think the prosecution and the police knew that they were innocent but they indicated they were murders because Americans were against foreigners and radicals.
But what happened if a different person confessed to be a murder? Did the authorities and Judge Thayer allow to investigate the confession made by this person? In 15, Celestino Madeiros confessed to being a member of the gang that killed Frederick Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli. He was a Portuguese immigrant. There were also four other men, Joe, Fred, Pasquale and Mike Morelli, who had taken part in the robbery. The Morelli brothers were well-known criminals who had many similar robberies in the
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area of Massachusetts. However, the authorities refused to investigate the confession made by Madeiros. The question is why. Why did the authorities refuse to investigate the confession made by Madeiros? The real question now is were they really being fair to Sacco and Vanzetti? I think the answer is no because they did not give Sacco and Vanzetti a chance to recognize their innocent.
After the World War, the United States criticized "radical" foreign ideas and did not let immigrants to come in to America anymore. They feared Communists from Russia and saw the immigrants as radicals who might stimulate revolution. They were antiredists and antiforeignists and led the Sacco-Vanzetti case "called into question some of the fundamental assumptions of American society" (DAttilio). The case had little knowledge about who did it, Sacco or Vanzetti. Most people who supported Sacco and Vanzetti said that Chief Justice Thayer executed them because they were philosophical anarchists, common criminals, working-class martyrs and communist campaigners. However, there was not any evidence showing that both of them were guilty. People in
the jury did not have the "true" evidences or proofs to convict Sacco and Vanzetti guilty.
There was not enough evidence to show that Sacco and Vanzetti were guilty. Although there some witnesses saying that they thought the murderers and robbers were Italians, why did the police arrest Sacco and Vanzetti? During this time, there many thousands of Italians who had immigrated to the United States, and the murderers and robbers could have been different people, not Sacco and Vanzetti. The case did not show us the real proof of whether Sacco and Vanzetti were guilty and it was ridiculous to execute both of them. To me, I think the United States was just prejudiced against the
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immigrants at this time and they did not want to loose their face by ruling the anarchists, Sacco and Vanzetti innocent. The Sacco-Vanzetti case will never be allowed to be forgotten because "it involved the death penalty and involved a divided public opinion with one half of the people convinced of guilt, and the other half equally convinced of innocence" (Ehrmann 15). The liberals regarded this case as a "judicial lynching."
Therefore, I disagree that both Sacco and Vanzetti were guilty because the evidence of the ballistics tests and reports that came from to a few Italian anarchists. I think they were innocent based on the views of Judge Thayer. There were many chances that this trial could repeat again but Judge Thayer did not allow these chances to go through. The Sacco-Vanzetti case still remains one of the most controversial cases in modern history. After they were sentenced to death, people still continue to disagree. Some say Sacco definitely and Vanzetti possibly guilty and others argue that both men were innocent victims based on the prosecutions knowledge with federal authorities, control of evidence, and manipulation of ballistics tests. Thus the Sacco-Vanzetti case will probably remain, in the words of attorney Herbert B. Ehrmann, the case that will not die.
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