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Publication Facts
Title The Road To Wigan Pier
Author George Orwell
Date of Original Publication 17
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Authorship
What is the author's social background (e.g. class, ethnicity, gender)?
Eric Arthur Blair, who took the pen name George Orwell, was born in India in 10. His parents were members of the Indian Civil Service which put them in the lower half of the middle class. After receiving an education at Eaton College in England he joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma in 1. Following five years of service he left the police and began living in self imposed poverty for several years. He used these experiences to write several books detailing the lives of the poor in England. He fought for the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War and when the threat of communism arose he fought against its spread. This caused him to have to flee for his life. On Jan. 1st, 150 Orwell died in London, England.
Content Analysis
What is this book about? What happens in it? (Please limit your answer to seven sentences or less.)
The Road To Wigan Pier is essentially two books in one. The first part of the book is a biographical account of Orwell living in poverty along with the common lower class man. Here he attempts to blend himself with a lower class of people in an effort to see life through their eyes and live life in their shoes. This encompasses everything from going down into the coal mines, to living in the squalor of a lodging house, and surviving on the meager pay of about 0 shillings a week. In the second part of the book Orwell takes this new found knowledge and uses it as a means of promoting a Socialist society. He discusses the idea of Socialism from all points of view, both pro and con, and in the end he sums it all up into one sentence, "The fact that has got to be faced is that to abolish class-distinctions means abolishing a part of yourself."(161). The book ends with Orwell's personal feelings about Socialism, where he states that opposing Socialism is like suicide, especially when "…Fascism has conquered half of Europe"(1).
What genre of book is this (e.g. autobiography, political tract, novel)?
This book is written from a first person point of view. Orwell refers to himself as "I" throughout the entire book. He also draws upon other authors to either support his ideas or to discount any anti-socialist views.
Is the book didactic Does it have a message for its readers? If so, what? If not, why not?
I feel that this book definitely has a message for its readers. On the most basic of levels it gives the reader a first hand account of what life was like for lower class families in England in the early to mid 100's. However it also goes beyond that and gives the reader some insight as to how socialism would have helped these poor families. In The Road To Wigan Pier Orwell definitely got his main message across to all readers, and that is that socialism can only be positive for all parties involved.
What is Orwell's attitude toward socialism? What does he regard as the movement's strengths and weaknesses?
Orwell is definitely pro socialism and he states that under socialist rule even if we are deprived of all else at least everyone will have enough to eat. The one main strength that socialism has going for it is the majority of the population is lower class and is living below the poverty level. It is this class of people who tend to accept socialism more willingly and would welcome it into their lives. Despite the fact that Orwell is pro socialism he does a descent job of showing both sides, and he informs the reader of why the middle class and the upper class oppose it. Unfortunately the main reason he gives for their opposition to socialism is simply that they like being the upper class and they don't want to mix with other "undesirable" lower class people. This leads in to one of the weaknesses of socialism, which is that class lines would become blurred, and the upper class simply likes the status of being the upper class.
Contextual Analysis
What sources does the book draw on?
The first half of the book is written purely on Orwell's experiences in living with the poor of England. He also uses government figures when relating to the reader just how poor the poor really are by discussing cost of living expenses. The second half of the book is also based on Orwell's personal experiences, but in this section he includes excerpts of books by other authors to support his views or to discount theirs. A third source Orwell draws on is direct accounts of people of all classes living in England and in English colonies.
How does the book reflect the period in which it was written (e.g. social concerns, historical retrospective, concerns about the future)? Cite specific events that happened around the time of the book's initial publication.
In my opinion this book is just a glorified propaganda pamphlet for the socialist party. During the time this book was written Europe was facing the expansion of fascist rule under Hitler and there seemed to be no stopping his defeat of neighboring countries. World War I had just ended and England was facing some extremely tough times with an even more difficult future ahead. People were looking for an alternative and according to Orwell socialism was the most obvious choice.
Historical Application
What type(s) of source(s) is this book (i.e. primary or secondary)?
This book is a primary source written in the first person point of view.
What value does it have for the study of socialism between the two world wars?
Between the two world wars Europe was a very volatile and unstable place. There was a constant battle between fascism, communism, and socialism that affected almost every one on one level or another. During this time England was spared from the initial spread of fascism simply because it is not connected by land to the rest of Europe. This gave England the opportunity to form a new government and react to the spread of fascism. One can see by reading this book that socialism may have been the best choice for England in the mid 100's, but not all people saw it as a positive movement. However by studying the society of England in the 100's one can envision what socialism would have done for England, and how it would have rescued tens of thousands from a life of poverty and squalor.
What impact might this book have today or have had at the time of its publication?
When this book was published I'm sure it was considered to be very controversial for the main reason that it forced the reader to look into the daily life of the poor in England. People, especially those against socialism, probably didn't want to know just how bad off the poor were, because ignorance is bliss. By closing their eyes to the truth the upper class could more easily sit in their comfortable homes and deny that poverty was such an immense problem. On the other hand I'm quite sure that the poor were grateful to finally have a voice that people would listen to. The only down side of this is that the poor most likely never got a chance to read Orwell's book. Orwell definitely accomplished what he set out to do with this book, and that was to spread the belief that socialism was the best road for England to take.
Who would appreciate this book, and who would object to it, either at the time of its initial publication or today?
Those who would appreciate this book and those who would oppose it can be easily separated by party lines. Those who oppose socialism would probably see this book as simply more socialist propaganda to spread to the public. They would feel that it is too one sided and doesn't give the reader an accurate account of the big picture. Supporters of socialism would definitely appreciate this book because it shows how the poor live and how much their lives would improve under the institution of socialism. As for the main characters in the book, the poor, I don't know how they would react to the book. It doesn't show them as bad people, but by reading the book they might feel as if they are being used by the socialist party as a way to drum up sympathetic support for socialism. These are a proud people who are used to living life at a certain level and I don't know that they would all welcome government support with open arms.
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