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PLANNING
AIM
In this investigation I intend to research how the length of a wire affects its resistance when connected to an electric circuit.
PREDICTIONS
My prediction is that the greater the length of the wire, the greater the resistance. I believe this because Electrons passing through the circuit will have more Metal atoms to collide with as it is obvious that there are more Metal atoms in a longer wire than a shorter one. The amount of collisions between the Electrons and the Metal atoms would vary the resistance (longer wire would increase the resistance and a shorter wire would decrease the resistance).
Also, the Electrons will travel at the same speed no matter what the length of the wire, therefore in a shorter wire the Electrons have a shorter distance to travel, because of this there is less time for resistance to build up. Hence there is less resistance in a shorter wire.
My final prediction is that there will patterns in the resistance according to the lengths of the wire. For example the resistance of a 40cm wire will be twice as great as that of a 0cm wire because it is twice as long.
EQUIPMENT
„X Wires (Different lengths)- To conduct experiment on lengths.
„X Ammeter-To calculate the amps. This is needed to calculate the resistance.
„X Voltmeter-To calculate the volts. This is needed to calculate the resistance.
„X Battery ¡VTo provide the power for the circuit.
VARIABLES AND NON VARIABLES
„X Wires will be of the same metal (non-variable).
„X The same bulb will always be used (non-variable).
„X The same voltmeter will always be used (non-variable).
„X The same battery will always be used (non-variable).
„X The lengths of the wire will vary (variable).
The above measures are taken to guarantee a fair test.
SAFETY PROCEDURES
To consider safety, I will avoid contact with any exposed metal connected to the circuit, as it may be hot. Also, I will take immediate action if I smell any burning fumes as the wire may be getting over heated and could cause a fire. This is not a very dangerous experiment but despite this we must always handle electricity with care, keep the current low, and handle with dry hands.
PROCEDURE OF EXPERIMENT
I will connect up a circuit that uses a certain length of wire, and then I will increase the length in an orderly fashion. Whilst doing this I will calculate the resistance of each wire by using the equation; RESISTANCE= VOLTAGE/ CURRENT
PRETESTING
The lengths of the wire I will use are; 0cm, 40 cm, 60cm, 80cm and100cm.
I will connect all the circuit in a series fashion, except for the voltmeter, which I will connect in a parallel manner.
RESULTS
I have done a table to show my results
LENGTH AMPS VOLTS RESISTANCE (ohms) AVERAGE
0cm 1.7 .4 .1
1.6 .6 .5
1.6 .4 .15
40cm 1 .8 .8 4.1
1 .8 .8
1 .8 .8
60cm 0.7 4 5.71 5.71
0.7 4 5.71
0.7 4 5.71
80cm 0.5 4. 8.4 8.
0.5 4. 8.4
0.5 4. 8.4
100cm 0.4 4. 10.5 10.
0.4 4.1 10.5
0.4 4.1 10.5
I have also put the results into graphical form
ANALYSING
The results from the table and from the graph show how the resistance compares to the length of the wire. From my graph it is clearly seen that there is a very positive correlation, this shows that the longer the wire the higher the resistance, the results obtained are directly proportional, I can see this if I do a couple of simple calculations. I will take the average resistance for 40cm wire and the average of resistance of the wire twice the length i.e. 80cm.
Resistance of wire of 40cm = 4.1 Ohms
Resistance of wire of 80cm = 8. Ohms
8./4. = .016 ohms
The resistance of 80cm wire is double the resistance of 40cm wire. This proves my prediction where I said ¡K
Accuracy
To keep this experiment as accurate as possible we made sure, firstly, that the length of the wire is measured precisely from the inside edge of the crocodile clips, making sure that the wire is straight when we do this. We also made sure that the wire was straight when we conduct the experiment. If it is not, short circuits may occur and bends and kinks in the wire may affect the resistance, also. The reading that we took of the voltage was done fairly promptly after the circuit is connected. This is because as soon as a current is put through the wire it will get hotter and we want to test it when heat is affecting it the least, i.e. at the beginning.
Longer wire
Shorter wire
Note
EVALUATION
The results that we achieved followed the pattern that I had predicted; ¡¥the longer the wire the higher the resistance.
PLANNING
AIM
In this investigation I intend to research how the length of a wire affects its resistance when connected to an electric circuit.
PREDICTIONS
My prediction is that the greater the length of the wire, the greater the resistance. I believe this because Electrons passing through the circuit will have more Metal atoms to collide with as it is obvious that there are more Metal atoms in a longer wire than a shorter one. The amount of collisions between the Electrons and the Metal atoms would vary the resistance (longer wire would increase the resistance and a shorter wire would decrease the resistance).
Also, the Electrons will travel at the same speed no matter what the length of the wire, therefore in a shorter wire the Electrons have a shorter distance to travel, because of this there is less time for resistance to build up. Hence there is less resistance in a shorter wire.
My final prediction is that there will patterns in the resistance according to the lengths of the wire. For example the resistance of a 40cm wire will be twice as great as that of a 0cm wire because it is twice as long.
EQUIPMENT
„X Wires (Different lengths)- To conduct experiment on lengths.
„X Ammeter-To calculate the amps. This is needed to calculate the resistance.
„X Voltmeter-To calculate the volts. This is needed to calculate the resistance.
„X Battery ¡VTo provide the power for the circuit.
VARIABLES AND NON VARIABLES
„X Wires will be of the same metal (non-variable).
„X The same bulb will always be used (non-variable).
„X The same voltmeter will always be used (non-variable).
„X The same battery will always be used (non-variable).
„X The lengths of the wire will vary (variable).
The above measures are taken to guarantee a fair test.
SAFETY PROCEDURES
To consider safety, I will avoid contact with any exposed metal connected to the circuit, as it may be hot. Also, I will take immediate action if I smell any burning fumes as the wire may be getting over heated and could cause a fire. This is not a very dangerous experiment but despite this we must always handle electricity with care, keep the current low, and handle with dry hands.
PROCEDURE OF EXPERIMENT
I will connect up a circuit that uses a certain length of wire, and then I will increase the length in an orderly fashion. Whilst doing this I will calculate the resistance of each wire by using the equation; RESISTANCE= VOLTAGE/ CURRENT
PRETESTING
The lengths of the wire I will use are; 0cm, 40 cm, 60cm, 80cm and100cm.
I will connect all the circuit in a series fashion, except for the voltmeter, which I will connect in a parallel manner.
RESULTS
I have done a table to show my results
LENGTH AMPS VOLTS RESISTANCE (ohms) AVERAGE
0cm 1.7 .4 .1
1.6 .6 .5
1.6 .4 .15
40cm 1 .8 .8 4.1
1 .8 .8
1 .8 .8
60cm 0.7 4 5.71 5.71
0.7 4 5.71
0.7 4 5.71
80cm 0.5 4. 8.4 8.
0.5 4. 8.4
0.5 4. 8.4
100cm 0.4 4. 10.5 10.
0.4 4.1 10.5
0.4 4.1 10.5
I have also put the results into graphical form
ANALYSING
The results from the table and from the graph show how the resistance compares to the length of the wire. From my graph it is clearly seen that there is a very positive correlation, this shows that the longer the wire the higher the resistance, the results obtained are directly proportional, I can see this if I do a couple of simple calculations. I will take the average resistance for 40cm wire and the average of resistance of the wire twice the length i.e. 80cm.
Resistance of wire of 40cm = 4.1 Ohms
Resistance of wire of 80cm = 8. Ohms
8./4. = .016 ohms
The resistance of 80cm wire is double the resistance of 40cm wire. This proves my prediction where I said ¡K
Accuracy
To keep this experiment as accurate as possible we made sure, firstly, that the length of the wire is measured precisely from the inside edge of the crocodile clips, making sure that the wire is straight when we do this. We also made sure that the wire was straight when we conduct the experiment. If it is not, short circuits may occur and bends and kinks in the wire may affect the resistance, also. The reading that we took of the voltage was done fairly promptly after the circuit is connected. This is because as soon as a current is put through the wire it will get hotter and we want to test it when heat is affecting it the least, i.e. at the beginning.
Longer wire
Shorter wire
Note
EVALUATION
The results that we achieved followed the pattern that I had predicted; ¡¥the longer the wire the higher the resistance.
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