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When analysing the comment "Captain Cook did not discover Australia" the obvious question immediately arises, "Who did discover Australia?" In attempting to answer this question we must first ask other questions; What exactly do we mean by 'discover'? Do we the first set foot upon the territory in question or do we mean those who first 'settled' it or those who first 'civilised' it? Does discovering require a higher level of interaction with the environment? What also do we mean by the concept of Australia, do we refer to the real Terra Nullius that the first aboriginal discoverer would have encounted, do we mean the Terra Australis Incognita of 15th century European Romance, the Dutch's New Holland, Cook and Phillip's settled Australia or perhaps the Australian nation created at Federation.
It will be shown that depending on how one answers the above and other questions will determine whether they consider the above comment valid, partially valid or invalid.
If we consider the discovery of Australia to have occurred the first time a descendent of the Homo Sapien to have set foot on what we know as the Australian continental land mass, the date was around ???????????? and it is generally believied they came form across the sea at PNG. The information is provided by archaeology and anthropology and is beyong the realm of the historian there being no record for historians to interpret. If we consider the aboriginal culture to be a non-civilisation and Australia Terra Nullius we would perhaps see the discovery of Australia as occurring with the first European discovery of Australia, which provides much written record for interpretation.
The romantic notion of Terra Australis Incognita was driving European expeditions for the seach of the great unknown southland and although many sailors glimpsed it and spotted it, it is the Dutch arounf 1606, who can probably claim the first mapping of extensive boundaries of it. Calling the new found land, New Holland, the Dutch mapped much of the coast from the Gulf of Carpentaria West and south along the coast to Broome or so. Documentary evidence includes (KeerWeer).
Cheap University Papers on "Did Captain Cook Discover Australia?"
Australians, having a predominantly Anglo background, may give the disacovery of Australia to the first Englishman to visit the shores. William Dampier may also be given credit by some due to the higher level of interaction he had with the environewment, compared to the Dutch. This is evident in his Diaries.
Even higher levels of interaction by Cook who came with an extensive scientific party, including the reknown Botanist, Joseph Banks. Cook can also be seen as the first person to land on the East coast of Australia, thereby practically settling the question of the physical boundaries of the great south land. Cook's observations can also be seen as some of the grounds for the settling of Australia. Through these arguments, it can be argued that Cook discovered Australia.
As can be seen, it depends on how we interpret the words discover and Australia that will determine the answer we come up with to the question "Who discovered Australia?" A sound argument can be established to support the statement the Captain Cook did not discover Australia'; however, a perhaps equally credible argument could be raised to support that he did indeed discover the Australia as we know it today. Just as an argument could be supported that Australia as we know it today was not 'discovered' until 101 with Federation. Just like the evidence, the question is also up for interpretation.
Blainey, G. 175 Triumph of the Nomads, Macmillan, South Melbourne, VIC Ch "The Discoverers"
Bolton, G. 1 Spoil and Spoilers, Allen and Unwin, North Sydney, Ch 1
Victorian Historical Magazine database
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