ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF paper at affordable prices!

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

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THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Buy custom ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF term paper

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF

==============================

THIS FILE WAS CREATED AT RESOLUTION 104X768.

ANYTHING SMALLER MAY RESULT IN MISALIGNED TEXT.

Contents

---------

Section A - Software, Requirements

Section B - The Files

1 - Shiplist.sst

- Shiptech.sst

- Shipdesc.sst

Section C - Ship Creation

1 - Major Race Ships

- Minor Race

- Alien Ships

4 - Image Attributes

Section D - Examples

1 - Example 1

- Example

Section A

----------

In order to successfully hack Birth of the Federation, youll need the following programs

1) Birth of the Federation version 1.0 (original files, no mods)

) Winzip version 6 or higher (available for free at www.winzip.com) running in Classic Mode

) A hex editor such as Ultraedit (available free for 0 days at www.ultraedit.com)

4) An image editing program such as Adobe Photoshop (for ship creation only)

5) Quick editor such as Wraiths BotFED editor version 1.4 (available for free at http//ssn.etmnet.com/st/)

6) A quick image viewer such as ACDSee version .0 or higher (available for free at www.acdsee.com)

Youll also need to know how to perform basic Windows operations such as renaming files, copying and pasting files, CTRL-selecting multiple files, etc.

Please note that this sample paper on ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on ADDING/MODIFYING SHIPS - BOTF will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Affirmative action

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Affirmative action. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Affirmative action paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Affirmative action, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Affirmative action paper at affordable prices!

The United States Constitution says that "We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator certain in alienable rights among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Affirmative action goes against the constitution upholds, the fact all men are created equal. If all men are equal, is there a need to place special emphasis on particular group? I oppose the resolution Resolve Affirmative action programs are justified in American Society. I will defend the resolution with the value premise societal welfare. My criterion is equitable treatment. Societal welfare is defined by the Social History website as communities and institutions in a society taken action to provide certain standards and opportunities. My contentions to support the resolution are affirmative access,

reverse discrimination, and preferential treatment.

My first contention is Affirmative Access. Affirmative Access is a policy implemented in Texas, Florida, and California that guarantees admission to any state University for seniors graduating in the top ten percent of the class in Texas, the top twenty percent in Florida, and top ten percent in California.

In 17, the last year before race was banned in California, 18.8 percent of that class consisted of underrepresented minorities. In 001, that number 1.1 percent in statewide. Affirmative access avoids quotas. Quotas are a set number. Affirmative access is better that Affirmative action because it is only based on a students academic ability rather that their race. Affirmative access has the society's welfare in mind by treating all equal.

My second contention is reverse discrimination. Merrian-Webster's dictionary defines reverse discrimination as discrimination against whites in employment or education. Affirmative action is nothing more that discrimination sanctioned by law. Programs such as the Michigan point system promote reverse discrimination. The Michigan point system allots 0 points for minorities while a white person can only receive 1 points for a perfect SAT or Act score. Proponents for affirmative action would like you to believe that college selection without regard to race amounts to unfair discrimination against oppressed people. By this logic, subjecting innocent whites to unequal treatment is not unfair or discriminatory. Wrong. Discriminating against one group for a good cause is still discriminating.

Attack On Affirmative Case

In conclusion, the only way to protect the society's welfare is through equal treatment. Equitable treatment can not be achieve through affirmative action, but through affirmative access. Affirmative Access is currently implemented in three states Texas, Florida, and California. Since the program has been implemented, college admission for minorities has risen. Reverse discrimination is a cause of affirmative action programs. Equitable treatment is not being promoted through discrimination. As I stated before, the only way to look out for societal welfare is through equitable treatment for all people.

Thomas Sowell states in his article "Dirty Secrets about Affirmative Action states that

Hysteria-mongers may claim that there would be no blacks in our leading academic institutions without affirmative action. But lets check a few facts. The first black man graduated from Harvard a hundred years before there was affirmative action. The first black man to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard did so just over a hundred years ago. The first black woman graduated from Oberlin in 186. Blacks were attending Hillsdale College before the Civil War -- even though Hillsdale has opposed affirmative action to this very day. Most blacks were of course in no position to achieve things like this, because they did not have the opportunity to get a decent education. That is what they have always needed -- opportunities, not preferences and quotas. School vouchers will do more for blacks than affirmative action has ever done

In the United States, preferences and quotas can have negative effects on the groups supposedly benefiting, as well as positive effects. Since only the positive effects are likely to be publicized, the negative effects are seldom counted. For example, the ease with which a discrimination lawsuit can be made against an employer for not having employment statistics that match the local population provides incentives for employers to locate away from minority communities. That can easily cost members of these communities more jobs than they gain from preferences or quotas. But few people even think about trying to weigh the net balance of gains and losses, because it is arbitrarily assumed that there can only be gains.

Please note that this sample paper on Affirmative action is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Affirmative action, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Affirmative action will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel.

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel. paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel., therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel. paper at affordable prices!

The novel "Hitch Hikers Guide to the Galaxy' written by Douglas Adams,

is a travel guide that satirises the traditional travel and exploration

text genre. It achieves this by use of a variety of language and

structural techniques, all of which "send up' the elements of normal

Help with essay on How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel.

travel texts.

Hyperboles in contrast with gross understatement are common throughout

the novel. Adams has taken certain types of information found in other

travel texts and over-emphasised them to a higher degree. Travel guides

usually contain useful and relevant information about the places they

explore. This can be seen in the "new age' travel guide, the "Lonely

Planet Guide to Morocco'. This travel text provides types of

information about "where to go', Moroccos "dangers and annoyances' as

well as certain "hints and tips' travellers would find useful along the

way.

"Hitch Hikers Guide to the Galaxy' takes these types of facts and

figures that are found in other travel guides, and completely mocks

them. For instance an entry in the "Hitch Hikers Guide' involves the

detailed explanation of why a towel is regarded to be the most

"massively useful thing a hitch hiker can have.' Adams takes well over

a page of the novel to describe this, meanwhile being contrasted with

the importance of the planet earth; seen in the "guide' as "mostly

harmless'.

Through reversing the rational order of events and making ordinary

ideas and objects seem absurd and ridiculous, Adams again satirises

travel and exploration genre. He takes the correct order and sequence

of certain concepts, and flips them up-side down to an irrational

state. This is again re-emphasised as it is made to seem absurd and

ridiculous.

Travel texts usually contain sections which describe the strange and

exotic. Again this is evident in the "Lonely Planet' travel guide. An

entire section of this travel text concentrates on exotic "food and

drinks'. "Moroccan cuisine features a sublime use of spices and the

freshest local produce', including certain novelty dishes such as

"tajine', "couscous' and "harira'.

Douglas Adams satirises these concepts in the "Hitch Hikers Guide'. By

reversing the rational order of everyday known things, he makes them

seem strange and exotic, which mocks this aspect of other travel texts.

Examples of this can be seen in the "Hitch Hikers guide' where it is a

known fact that mice are "hyper-intelligent pan-dimensional beings'.

They are the most intelligent life forms on the planet earth, followed

by the dolphin species, then humans. Research scientists as we know

them arent actually performing experiments on mice # it is the mice

who are conducting a 10 million year research program on humans

themselves.

This is again escalated to the next level where Adams has derived

certain things as being absurd and ridiculous. The most outstanding

occurrence of this was the development of the "infinite improbability

Jay Huntley

Page of

drive' implanted in the spaceship the "Hear of Gold'. Scientists at

first failed to achieve this but a student left to "clean up the mess'

discovered that "if such a machine is a virtual impossibility, then it

must logically be a finite improbability'. In the case of language

translation between the different beings of the universe all that

needed to be used was a fish in your ear. This "babel fish' allowed a

"matrix of unconscious mental frequency' to originate for translation

to occur.

Sending up the elements of heroism that exist in everyday travel texts

is one of the main ways Adams mocks the travel and exploration genre.

Most travel and exploration texts contain types of brave and

adventurous acts, usually portrayed by the main character or explored

in a section of the text. This can be seen in the pilot episode to

"Star Trek', a science fiction exploration text. "Captain James Kirt'

of the "USS Enterprise' takes his exploration of the universe to the

extreme, to the "outer regions of the galaxy'. "Boldly' going where "no

man has gone before'.

Another example of this can be seen in the "Lonely Planet' travel

guide. Tourists can "brave it out' through the "popular tourist

routes'. However travellers are warned of the dangers of "professional

hitch hikers' where "various scams unfold'.

Adams effectively mocks this concept by creating the main character,

"Arthur dent' as an anti-hero. Unlike other travel and exploration

texts, where a sense of adventure and heroism is explored, Arthur Dent

is the complete opposite.

After escaping the recently destroyed planet of earth, Arthur dent has

the entire universe at his fingertips to travel and explore, in an

adventurous and heroic way. However he doesnt take the opportunity,

instead pondering where he will find his next "cup of tea' as well as

mentioning that he will never be able to "eat another McDonalds

hamburger ever again.' Adding to this anti-heroism is the fact that

during the entire novel Arthur has been wearing his pyjamas, not

thinking to change.

Another way Adams satirises a variety of travel and exploration texts

is through the choice of language in conjunction with the way in which

he describes things. In other conventional travel texts, the

description of interesting and exciting things is done in a technical

and fascinating way. For example, in the "Lonely Planet', the food, or

"Moroccan cuisine', "features a sublime use of spices'. This

description has taken the simple concept that the "food is good' and

made it sound interesting and exciting.

By use of strange and unique description and technical jargon, "the

guide' sends up this concept. Rather then simply calling the people of

earth human, the book addresses them as "carbon-based bipedal life

forms descended from apes'. The description of such things as the "Pan

Galactic Gargle Blaster' containing its "three cubes of Arcturan Megagin'

shows how technical language has been used to make things sound

very real and factual. Due to this types of language sounding very

real, adds to the satirist state.

Jay Huntley

Page of

Apart from the language techniques used to send up travel and

exploration genre, the structure and layout of the novel also achieves

this in many different ways as well as making it "look and feel' like a

real travel guide.

The text can be seen as self-conscious. "The guide' is written as if it

were real by using the correct travel genre, as well as keeping the

elements of structure and layout that most other travel guides have.

However, the "guide' keeps on reminding the reader that it is actually

not real.

Suspense and tension throughout the novel has also been removed. Both

of these techniques are developed through use of first person authorial

intrusions. For instance just before the novel goes through the plot

where a missile is about to hit the ship, a first person narrator cuts

in. "Stress and nervousness are now serious social problems in all

parts of the Galaxy, and it is in order that this situation not be in

anyway exacerbated that the following facts will now be revealed in

advance.'

The use of disjointed footnotes again makes the "guide' appear to be

real. For instance the description of what a "president' is and the

meaning of Ford Prefects real name is laid out at the bottom of two

pages. The point in the text on that page where the key words are

mentioned, is an which is used to symbolise a footnote in a real

guide. This again adds to the realism of the "guide'.

All the elements of structure, work together to add realism to "the

guide'. In doing this, it allows the various language techniques to

send up the travel and exploration genre to a higher degree as the

novel appears to be more closely related to other travel and

exploration texts.

Language and structural techniques, such as Hyperboles, reversing the

rational order, and stating the obscene and ridiculous as well as plot

structure and layout have been used throughout the novel. Through a

combination of these techniques, Adams has effectively expressed

comical reference towards the different types of travel and exploration

genre.

Please note that this sample paper on How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel., we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on How does "Hitch Hikers guide to the galaxy' satires thetravel genre? Discuss with detailed reference with the novel. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Earthquakes

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Earthquakes. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Earthquakes paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Earthquakes, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Earthquakes paper at affordable prices!

"It is a bitter and humiliating thing to see works, which have cost men so much time and labour, overthrown in one minute; yet compassion for the inhabitants is almost instantly forgotten…Charles Darwin (on the ruin of Concepcion in Chile by an earthquake (Robinson 47)

People tremble when they hear the word; destruction, mayhem, and tragedy all words that come to mind when "earthquake" is heard. They occur without warning and cause millions of dollars in destruction and numerous deaths. For these reasons and more, earthquakes are one of the most unpredictable and devastating occurrences Mother Nature dishes out.

Earthquakes usually occur without warning. There is a sudden slip in the earth's crust, which makes the earth shake causing mass destruction to buildings and people in the surrounding areas. These areas in the earth's crust are called faults. When the earth "faults" the ground bends to a certain limit until the point of breaking. When it finally snaps, it sends vibrations up to the earth's surface where the earthquake occurs (USGS). There are two different types of waves during an earthquake, the P-wave and the S-wave. The P-wave is the primary wave that is the first wave to arrive, followed by the transverse, or S-waves, which arrive after (USGS). Quakes can last for short or long periods of time and are sometimes followed by aftershocks. They are tiny earthquakes that last for a few seconds after the bigger quake.

Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology created the Richter magnitude scale in 15 in order to compare the magnitudes of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs (USGS). The scale ranges from numbers zero through 10. A number such as 4.6 on the Richter scale would be considered a mediocre earthquake in seismologists' minds while any number over six would be a large earthquake. Earthquakes under a two rating are not felt by people and are not recorded because no damage is done. Earthquakes of these magnitudes are likely to occur thousands of times a day while one of a ranking higher than eight will only occur once on average in the world each year. Earthquakes have also been measured in equivalence to weights of dynamite. For example, if an earthquake gets a reading between a 6.0 and a 7.0, it is the same as blowing up around 100,000 tons of dynamite (Nuhfer ).

Write your Earthquakes research paper

Earthquakes cause massive losses in money for the government when they strike. Buildings are knocked over, streets cracked, and there are many electrical problems that they have to deal with. It takes a lot of time for places to recover from the effects of earthquakes. A new Federal Emergency Management Agency report says that damages from U.S. earthquakes total about $ 4.4 billion a year. California alone accounts for $ . billion of the total (Fema ). Another tragic loss we have when earthquakes come around is the loss of our family and friends. Thousands of people lose their lives without ever knowing what hit them. The most devastating quake in United States history is by far the one that "shook the world" in San Francisco in 106. More than three thousand lives were taken on that day. The closest death toll to this in the United States was one hundred and fifteen, an earthquake that occurred in Long Beach, California in 1 (USGS).

To try and reduce these loses of friends and relatives, there are steps to reduce hazards in the home. One example if you are in a high seismic-risk zone would be to strap or bolt all furniture to the floor or to the walls so that if an earthquake does occur, it will not harm anyone. Also, the frame should be checked periodically to make sure that it is all in tact. One final precaution would be to use plywood sheathing wherever needed, such as garage door areas, to strengthen the home so that less damage will occur (Bolt 8-).

Most of the earthquakes that happen in the United States occur on the West Coast, especially in California. This is true because of one of the most famous fault lines in the world, the San Andreas Fault. This fault line stretches for over six hundred miles from the Imperial Valley in Southern California to Point Arena on the northern coast and then out to sea. To date more than twenty-five earthquakes have occurred in California. Most of these are because of the San Andreas Fault. And these are only the earthquakes that have been measured on the Richter scale.

The most recent damage an earthquake has done in the United States was on February 8, 001 in the Puget Sound region of Washington State, called the Nisqually earthquake. The quake measured a 6.8 on the Richter scale and shook the earth for a good forty seconds. Even though it was a long earthquake, it was still one of the less damaging earthquakes of this magnitude in the United States. Immediately after the quake, 8 state bridge inspection teams examined about 500 state-owned bridges within a 7-mile radius of the epicenter. There was almost no structural damage, said Weigel, Washington State Dept. of Transportation bridge engineer, to insure safety for motorists using the bridges (News Site). There was only one death contributed to it, a heart attack victim. The damage bill was nothing compared to other quakes. The bill totaled up to around two billion dollars. That may seem like a lot, but when compared to the earthquake in Northridge, California in 14 it was pennies. This quake ranked at 6.7 on the scale and was the costliest earthquake the United Stated had ever had at forty billion dollars. The after shocks of this earthquake caused more damage than the entire Nisqually quake including its aftershocks, which did not reach above a .4 (SCEC). This quake was also different from other quakes, as the city of Santa Monica knows first hand. Parts of their coastal city, 1 kilometers south of Northridge and separated from it by a mountain range, had received shocks just as severe as those felt in Northridge (O'Hanlon). Scientists are still stunned about why this occurred, but attribute it to something of a magnifying glass of a rock in the earth's surface that focused the quake to Santa Monica.

The Northridge quake, like all others, brought attention to the way that some buildings were structured. Although not much damage was done to some buildings due to the soft soil around it, others were hit hard. One of the more severely damaged buildings was the six-story Palmer Court Building, an un-reinforced masonry structure located in Seattles historic Pioneer Square district (Staff 10). Although damage to buildings is inevitable during an earthquake, improvements can still be made to buildings so that they do not end up like the Palmer Court Building. Every building, however moves somewhat during an earthquake, no matter its size. During the Loma Prieta Earthquake in San Francisco during the World Series, the seats were seen shaking back and forth along with the entire Candlestick Park. After a few moments of shaking, it regained its original position without much structural damage (Levy 4).

Although this is the most recent quake felt by the United States, one that occurred nearly a century ago will not soon be forgotten. The earthquake that occurred in San Francisco on April 18, 106 ranks as one of the most significant earthquakes of all time (USGS). At around 500 in the morning, the northernmost 0 miles of the San Andreas Fault ruptured. Although the Richter scale was not around, it is believed to be one of the most powerful earthquakes to ever hit the United States. The city shook violently for almost a full minute. Fires blazed and approximately three thousand people were killed in this tragic event.

So is there anything anybody can do to prepare for another such disaster? There is really no way of knowing when the next earthquake will hit, but seismologists have several methods so that they can estimate approximately when another one will occur. By studying the amount of earthquakes and when they happen in a certain area, seismologist can then guess the probability of another one occurring in that area within a given time (CBC News). This will then give people the time to prepare themselves for another possible quake. Seismologists can also measure how much stress a certain region of the earths crust is under, and how quickly that stress is increasing. This will help them to determine if another quake is likely in that region, but it is a very difficult procedure and far from perfect because a lot of areas lack the equipment and data needed for this.

There is no way to stop earthquakes from shaking our earth. It is something that, unfortunately, we will have to deal with for the rest of our lives. Many scientists and seismologists are doing the best they can so that we can be better prepared for another earthquake when it hits. Until the time when we will be able to predict when they will strike comes, we will have to live knowing that at anytime an earthquake can come and shake up the earth as well as our lives.

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"Personal choice"

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on "personal choice". What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality "personal choice" paper right on time.

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From Arthur Millers chilling play script of the Salem Witch trials in The Crucible, the determining and though provoking Tracks by Robyn Davidson and Creeds powerful song of past choice My Sacrifice, have proved effective in shaping my understanding of the meaning of personal choice. These topics that have been studied this year are all relative to issues that people go through today. From discrimination, to the loss of a family member or friend, these happenings may influence choice on behalf of a person and what their future paths may be. For reasons like these I have a better understanding of my personal choice and respect for other peoples decisions.

When Arthur Miller wrote the real life based play script of The Crucible, he got into the minds of the characters, allowing for the reader to relate to the character throughout what actions they were carrying out. Play script is easy to understand as it provided the emotion that the character is feeling and how they portray this. Based in 16, there was little choice for people outside the law that was the church. Everything in those days that was unexplainable became an act of God, from a bad crop to a bad cold, this person must have done something wrong therefore God is punishing them. These people were small-minded when it came to looking at the bigger picture, everything was about their creed (religion). This showed me that today a lot of choices that we make are taken for granted, as in 16 there was no real personal choice. All choices were made on behalf of the community from the church, or more likely the Reverend Parris, a self-centred, bitter, paranoid man who believes that people are trying to give him a bad name. Abigail, his two faced niece, and the other young girls from the town have all been caught conjuring spirits out in the wood. The only way for them to save their lives is to choose to play possessed so that the town will pity them and let them live. The story evolves with this and it gets more and more extreme with innocent people being accused and dying. Its sad and if people don't confess then they are lying to God and will face the subsequences when they die from God. The biggest decision that sets the ball rolling in The Crucible, after Abilgail has denied that they were conjuring spirits in the wood is when she turns to the other girls in Salem and says to them, now look you. All of you. We danced. And Tituba conjured Ruth Putnams dead sisters. And that is all. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it… From the Abby takes control over the girls and their decisions, and their choices become insufficient and everything they do is controlled by Abigail.

This text, shaped my understanding through the fact that I have a better idea of what personal choice was like in those days. People were generally run by the church as it was their law more than theyre following. Peoples choices were biased and everything was done to please other rather than them selves. It showed me to take my decisions and value them because I have a lot of freedom, as does the rest of the world these days. We are lucky enough to have freedom of speech and the right to believe what we want.

Tracks is an inspirational story of determination and courage. Robyn Davidson is set that she is able to travel to Alice Springs… The lunatic ides was, basically, to get myself the requisite number of wild camels from the bush and train them to carry my gear, then walk into and about the central desert area. Looking back on what she had read about camels, she made the decision that this was a good choice. But once she got there her ideas werent exactly matched to what she originally had thought. When travelling on the train Robyn looks out the window and describes the area as Gods majestic hidy-hole, where men and women are an afterthought. Robyn arrives and gets a job at the local pub, meaning she could stay in a back room with meals provided. From here Robyn became more confident and her choice to come to the middle of no-where wasnt as lunatic as she originally thought. Through the regulars she discovers there are three camel-men in town, and was offered a ride out to meet Sallay Mahomet. A man that showed it was apparent he knew what he was doing. When Robyn approached Sally he blew her off making Robyn feel like a complete idiot. He was rude and basically told her that she wasnt going to accomplish what she was set out to do. Which is a let down to anyone who has put so much effort into something and then told that they don't think they can help you out it makes your goals harder and you feel the choice you made was insufficient.

Cheap College Papers on "personal choice"

This text studied has shaped my view of personal choice through the fact that even though other people may find your choices and decisions ridiculous and to you find them too hard for you to accomplish you should believe in yourself and go for it anyway. Because if you believe in yourself then that's what matters. Determination gets us through. As Robyn said in her case this was going to be harder than I thought, but then it was only the first day.

Creeds song my sacrifice is touching and has a lot of meaning associated with personal choice. It talks about going back to a place that is significant in the singers life where a possible death has taken place. He believes he has moved on but in actual fact he has left a piece of him behind. He wants to carry on with his life and believes that to do this he has to re-visit himself as suggested in the song, hello my friend we meet again, its been a while where should we begin? Feels like forever. This songs line is powerful and shows the life that a man has lead and where a choice he made to try and forget something has be brought back up in another way much later in life. To get past this the singer has to go back to the situation, the possible death of a friend, and not to necessary say hello to his friend again but to himself. To me this song is about a journey through life, where one significant happening has taken place and from there you follow a path of finding yourself.

This song could be interpreted many ways, but because it was recorded and released around September 11th to me the meaning stuck out as the death of a friend or family member that was not fully finished in the singer Scott Stapps mind. While listening to the song you can feel his pain and believe that this has actually happened to the singer. This song has shaped my meaning of personal choice in a more touching way than the other two texts studied this year. It is more relevant to today and deals with things that people go through every day of their lives. To me it showed me that if something needs to be resolved with a friend or a family member and myself then to do it. Otherwise it may be too late to say what you wanted to say and you cant and the last thing you would have needed to say to them is goodbye.

These three texts have shaped my understanding of personal choice not only on a personal level, but also on a level where I can understand other peoples points of view. To make decisions not only on behalf of myself but for others also. But also to make decisions that I am happy with and that I can feel comfortable with. Ones that benefit me, that are at best interests for me and the people around me, and allow flexibility. Those like in The Crucible that all choices made are made for a specific reason and have to be followed word for word. Not to be like that, because that's when it becomes hard to be yourself and to do things for yourself and the people around you. it is important to be comfortable with yourself and to let yourself make choices for you and not follow choices made for you, to live your own life.

In Tracks, it is important to stand up for what you believe in and not get down when youve only just started to do something. Even tough it seems hard at first the decision to go on may prove the better choice, as it will hopefully lead to success. Stand up for your choices and your self with the decisions we make.

Creeds My Sacrifice is powerful on my personal choice, it's a passionate message to not leave things unresolved because in the long run you will most likely have to go back to that place and say hello again. To understand the choices you make, to believe your choices are the right ones and to live them when the are right for you.

These texts all motivate in one way or another, motivate to be what you want to be and to choose the right decisions in life to make what you want out of life a reality. Now choices that I look at will not only influence me but also make me look at the bigger picture, as in dong this what may it do to the other people in my life? Personal choice is important as its what creates the path that we follow for our lives. These texts have helped me shape my path and make it a little bit wider so that I can open it up to more experiences and choices.

Please note that this sample paper on "personal choice" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on "personal choice", we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on "personal choice" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Specisl Effects

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Special Effects

When you see a commercial, and animals are talking to each other and having human expressions you think, "How did they do that"? The answer is special effects. When you look at commercials, movies, cartoons, all of them have some sort of special effect. With the technology becoming better we begin to see more and different types of special effects. As with the movie Toy Story, being created all by computer, it was the first of its kind. As the times and movies progressed we have seen the increased usage of special effects and the steady improvement of the quality of the special effects. If we did not use Special Effects the revolution of movies would be really slow and boring and movies would be really basic. With Special Effects in movies we can create endless possibilities and bring dreams, illusions, and fantasies to life. Using special effects, we have brought dinosaurs, aliens, and other monsters to life. We have destroyed cities, people, and planets with special effects also. With computers we are able to create sceneries we would never think possible. With the help of computers we can create people, buildings, animals, monsters, aliens, and many other creations. Our creations in the computers can come out to life with a touch of a button.

Special Effects are both an art and a science. The science part involves the complete understanding of how the audio-visual sensory parts of our body and brain perceive the world around us, while the art part involves the strategic use of this information to fool the sensory system. Without knowing what special effects is, it would be hard to understand what is necessary and needed to produce a good movie with special effects. Now there are two basic kinds of effects, computer generated and humanized effects. Computer generated effects consist of the Blue Screen/Matte, Computer Animation, and Composting.

A blue screen/matte is when the foreground and background shots are shot separately and later superimposed one on the other. Certain areas of the foreground have to be transparent for the background detail to show through. (If the foreground detail fills the entire frame, the background detail will not be visible)! For this purpose, the foreground object is usually shot against a plain blue screen. A particular shade of blue called Chroma Blue is used for this purpose. (Human skin does not contain this shade of blue). The blue area is later erased from the frame making the area transparent. The background detail can now show through this blank.

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Computer animation is when the animation director, who is in charge of most of the creative work comes up with the idea, designs the scene, and like a film director, directs the action, and the expressions and appearance of the characters. A storyboard artist breaks the script down into a comic-strip sequence so that the animator can follow each shot, like a rough map of the action. Animators then draw the characters, or other moving objects, and assistant animators clean up the drawings and do minor work.

Composting is when one shot is super-imposed on another, resulting in a composite shot. A common example is our everyday weather forecast on TV. The weather map is a separate computer generated shot onto which the announcer is super-imposed, making it look as if he/she is standing in front of a giant TV screen flashing different weather images.

Humanized effects consist of latex, the use of rain, wind, snow, and fire, blood bags and bullet hits and the use of explosions.

The use of latex has revolutionized the world of creating real monsters out of humans. Not only can we get monsters out of latex, but also we can add scars to faces, add extra eyes to a monster, make young people old and vice versa. . The uses of latex are innumerable; you can create aliens, or even put latex covering robotics to make them just like dinosaurs. One of the best things about latex is that with it you can custom design any kind of mask, defect on the body, and face defects.

Many movies have settings where it is raining; do you think they wait till the day when it rains to record? What if they are filming in a city like El Paso, Texas, where is like a holiday, it only comes once a year. Special Effects come into effect. The production crews sets up long plastic tubes with tiny holes in the bottom, attached to a water hose in the top of the setting. What do you get out of this? RAIN! With Special Effects you can make rain possible in any setting even in cities where it only rains once a year. Christmas movies are the most popular at having snow in their settings, but what if it is not snowing on the day of the shoot and the day will be ruined if you do not have snow on the set. What do you do? Get a snow machine to make it for you, if the snow cannot come to you; make it come to you with this device. Shooting a part of the movie where it involves high winds? Moviemakers use the same technique as the one for the snow; they get hold of large fans and turn them on at high speeds, or the desired wind, and let them take their tolls on the setting. Movies that contain big fire scenes do not actually go out into the set and actually turn out massive fires. Independent companies are called to create job, and they do so with machines that very easily turn on a massive fire scene, but can also be turned off in a matter of pressing a button. These machines can be really dangerous without supervised use, but with normal use they can be extremely safe.

Have you always wondered what exactly in the fight scene when some gets shot cut whatever and begins to bleed? Well, a squib, which is a small explosive charge triggered by a V battery is taped to the plate and a blood pack placed over the charge and secured in place with gaffer tape. Blood packs can be anything that can be filled and sealed. Placing the blood pack over the charge reduces the flash given off by the squib detonating. The rigged plate is taped or strapped to the actor and concealed under clothing. White clothes show the effect off best and should be pre-scored with a knife to weaken the fabric. Ideally the squib should blow through the shirt and it helps here if the shirt is tucked in. Before firing everyone stays well clear of the charges, the actor avoids looking down at his chest, and the camera is at a safe distance away. A simple countdown helps the actor be aware of when to expect the hit.

An explosion can be triggered by Pyrotechnic machines that can either put out a beautiful fireworks show, lightning for a grand opening of a store, explosions in movies, and mainly anything else that involves fire and colorful lights. These machines are relatively safe to handle, they can set off an explosion and in a matter of minutes be put out with the touch of a button. Some explosions like the ones that occur in the movies that blow up buildings are also related to the pyrotechnic machines.

With so many different uses and techniques for special effects, it's not hard to see why they are so popular today. Many directors have mastered the techniques used for special effects and in doing that most of the movies today are filled with special effects in order to draw us in and it has worked.

Society has fallen into the fictionist world of the creators of the Special Effects in the movies we watch. Those people create illusions that we fall for in an instance; they make it look so real we are hypnotized into a world of illusion. People jump from car to car while on the freeway going one hundred miles per hour, but try this at home and it's a promise that you will get hurt. Dogs talk to humans; even though we know that it is not real we still fall into the world that the creators have created for us. The dogs have the jaw movements that make it hard to believe that it is not real. Some action movies have people that jump off ropes that are fifty feet into the air, but try one of these stunts and you will end up in the hospital.

Special Effects are so realistic that sometimes they turn against society. Society tries out scenes from movies that might hurt some people; some even get ideas from special effects in the movies of how to hurt their next victim. In the movie Money Train their was a scene with Woody Harrelson and Wesley Snipes when then throw a fire bomb into a booth in the train station, and it kills the man inside. Two weeks after the movie came out, the same thing happen in a subway station in New York where one person was killed. In the city of Oklahoma there was an instance when a teen strapped him to a pole stuck to the ground and waited for the tornado that was coming to pass right over him. This teen was trying to catch a glimpse at the center of a Tornado like in the movie Twister, but like said before, Special Effects are not real, and this teen's life was taken by the tornado. While Special Effects are the main driver to get us to watch movies, the outcome we get after watching the movies is up to us. Whether we go out after a movie and try and light a house on fire and then turn it off like in the movies is up to us, if we hurt somebody because of the special moves on the movie we just watched is up to us. It is up to us how we perceive Special Effects. Society has grown around Special Effects in movies.

Please note that this sample paper on Specisl Effects is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Specisl Effects, we are here to assist you. Your essay on Specisl Effects will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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American Heroics

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on American Heroics. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality American Heroics paper right on time.

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History can often seem to be a sordid image of disgraceful acts and squalid schemes. Certain horrendous deeds of our past can serve to enlighten however, when considered from the right perspective. The institution of slavery for example was wrong in every way, yet it produced incomparable figures of importance such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs.

Frederick Douglass was undoubtedly an instrumental part of the development of the United States. His life was an intense episode of struggle, innovation, apprehension, knowledge and nobility. Douglass was directly responsible for a great deal of societal progress in his nation. He should thus be recognized as an exemplary American.

Harriet Jacobs was also very important to the growth of the nation. She personifies the undying spirit of steadfastness, from which everyone can relate and even derive solace, in knowing that it is possible to sustain hope amongst the basest of conditions. Jacobs embodies womanhood as a daughter, sister and mother, and maintains

that image even under unfair, immoral and unjust circumstances.

Frederick Douglass came from a pitiable position in society and rose to a level of greatness with numerous priceless contributions. He started out in Tuckahoe with his grandparents, Betsy and Isaac Bailey in a meager log cabin that they did not own. Douglass had a very vague recollection of his mother aside from her appearance. He did not even know who his father was

"Slavery does away with fathers, as it does away with families. Slavery has no use for either fathers or families, and its laws do not recognize their existence in the social arrangements of the plantation" (Douglass, 51). Douglass was unfortunately born into the deprived conditions of slavery, where he could not even learn to read or write legally. He witnessed horrible atrocities during his life as a slave. He watched his own aunt Esther receive the worst beating she had ever gotten. She was tied up and savagely beaten bloody by their old master. "The whole scene, with all its attendants, was revolting and shocking, to the last degree; and when the

motives of this brutal castigation are considered, -- language has no power to convey a just sense of its awful

criminality" (Douglass, 88). The motives he speaks of were nothing more than sheer jealousy, of the fact that Esther was described as beautiful and charming, and another slave was courting her.

Frederick Douglass experienced certain brutal violence as well. He was sent to the "Negro-breaker" Edward Covey and had not been there three days before Covey gave him "a most brutal chastisement" which left him with sores the size of his finger on his back (Douglass, 08). He was treated worse than most animals but Frederick did not let that keep him down. Upon trying to beat him again, Covey was met with much resistance and could not get the better of Frederick. He was not beaten again after that and that induced in him a renewed sense of masculinity

…this battle with Mr. Covey -- undignified as it was, and as I fear my narration of it is -- was the turning point in my life as a slave. It rekindled in my breast the smouldering embers of liberty… and revived a sense of my own manhood. I was a changed being after that fight. I was nothing before; I WAS A MAN NOW. It recalled to life my crushed self-respect and my self-confidence,

and inspired me with a renewed determination to be A FREEMAN (Douglass, 46). Douglass arrived at this determination from his youth, when his mistress Mrs. Auld began to teach him to read. His master, however, forbade the instruction and unwittingly disclosed the nature of slavery and how subservience is perpetuated through slaves' ignorance. From that moment Frederick was determined to acquire the knowledge necessary to obtain his freedom, and that he did. He persisted by learning from his childhood playmates, books and even street signs. With an unwavering resolve Frederick attempted escape and was thwarted once before fleeing for good. He managed to convince his master to let him work in his free time, and upon saving enough money Frederick sought independence in New York via the Underground Railroad.

Frederick Douglass was destined for greatness and that fact is manifest in his writings. After gaining his freedom at long last, he embarked on a new enterprise as editor of a weekly newspaper

I already saw myself wielding my pen, as well as my voice, in the great work of renovating the public mind, and building up a public sentiment which should, at least, send slavery and oppression to the grave, and restore to liberty and the pursuit of happiness the

people with whom I had suffered, both as a slave and as a freeman (Douglass, ).

Douglass displayed heroics as a slave, but was also a heroic American, who in the fashion of heroic Americans fought against oppression and the malice of slavery.

The total callousness of slavery was only partially divulged in Frederick Douglass' experiences. In her book, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs reveals yet another immoral aspect of the institution. For her, slavery was an ongoing unspeakable torment of unwanted sexual demands that she was forced to endure for the sake of her safety and her children's well being.

Jacob's life was a difficult one. From youth she was treated well, until her mistress' death left her to a new providence. Her mother, father and friend had also died leaving her feeling deserted. If that was not enough, she later had to endure the unwanted advances from her master Dr. Flint

He tried his utmost to corrupt the pure principles my grandmother had instilled. He peopled my young mind with unclean images, such as only a vile monster could think of. I turned from him with disgust

and hatred. But he was my master. I was compelled to live under the same roof with him"

(Jacobs, 44). This provides a very clear-cut example of how staggering it must have been for a black woman during slavery. At this instance Harriet Jacobs was only fifteen years old, and was already subjected to vile propositions, which she could not ignore. She did her best to avoid them however, by staying in constant sight of others, sleeping with her aunt, pretending she could not read his notes, etc. She told him of her love for another man, a free black man, and her desire to marry him. After a period though, she decided to gamble her own self-respect by having a child, with the hopes that she would be sold away from Dr. Flint's fiendish authority. Flint vowed to keep her as his slave however, and later even threatens to sell her child when she refuses his advances. When he found out that she was to have another child, he cut off all of Jacobs' hair. Before that he had thrown her down the stairs. Clearly Harriet Jacobs endured much agony as a woman slave. "Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women. Superadded to the burden common to all, they

have wrongs, and sufferings, and mortifications peculiarly their own" (Jacobs, 11). She had to stand by and watch as her own child was hurled across the room by Dr. Flint. Her family was thrown into jail when she escaped into hiding in an attempt to lure her out. She lived in hiding in a cramped space for six years and eleven months, at a time falling ill, unconscious and crippled. Amidst all her plight, Harriet Jacobs was determined to fight for hers and her children's freedom. She would match wits against the nefarious Dr. Flint by writing letters to him as if from New York. She engaged in a battle for her children's freedom through pleas to Mr. Sand to keep his promise to free them.

Owing to friends and fate her freedom, Harriet Jacobs made her way to freedom when she landed in Philadelphia. After reuniting with her daughter she sought and found comfortable employment with a kind Mrs. Bruce. Thereafter she reunited with her son Benny and began her life as a free woman.

Slavery had determined Harriet Jacob's life to be one miserable affliction after another. She endured with an immeasurable and undying strength while proving

to possess the attributes of a weathered mother, unrelenting in her responsibility for her two children. As a woman, she could easily be presupposed to be weak and highly susceptible to the woes of slavery but Jacobs demonstrated the contrary at every turn.

These two powerful affairs provide direct illustration of the struggles endured for hundreds of years. They are also stories of triumph over injustice, that are representative of the nation and its history as a whole. A history that is incomplete without the contributions of people like Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass.

Andrews, William L. The Oxford Frederick Douglass Reader. New York Oxford University Press, 16.

Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage, My Freedom. Chicago Ebony Classics-Johnson Publishing Company, 170. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/DouMybo.html.

Garfield, Deborah M., and Rafia Zafar. Harriet Jacobs and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl New Critical Essays. New York Cambridge University Press, 16.

Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Written by Herself. 18. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http//docsouth.unc.edu/jacobs/jacobs.html#jac1.

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EBay and American Consumerism

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Over the past decade and a half computers and technology have changed our lives dramatically. In the 80's computer changed the way companies did business and today in the beginning of the 1st century it has only gained momentum in the ways it has changed business. When the internet came along we slowly noticed more changes it has made to our lives. Almost all of America either has the internet or can access it easily. For many of us it has changed the way we communicate, do work, listen to music, or even shop.

By now if a company that is offering a product for consumers to buy does not yet have a web site that at least offers information about their products, they have lost track of reality somewhere in the early 0's. As a matter of fact, internet consumption has become such a reality that it now has its own category in today's commerce, called "e-commerce". E-commerce is electronic commerce that is simply the spending of money electronically via the internet. There are many players in the game of e-commerce, some large and some small. More players are entering the game every day and some are growing and some shrinking, but nonetheless, e-commerce itself is growing so fast it is hard to track it. One player in the game of e-commerce came along back in 15, its name is eBay. EBay started as a home business in Pierre Omidyar's apartment and has since grown to be one of the major .com companies, which means eBay plays a large part in e-commerce.

Omidyar was born in Paris, France in 168. As a young boy he moved with his parents to reside in Washington, D.C (Bunnell 7). When he reached high school the revolutionary computer, the Apple II, was released. The Apple II caught on pretty fast for being the first personal computer, almost like a UFO to most Americans at the time. Many kids Omidyar's age were buying them and spending a great deal of their time messing around and trying to develop simple programs. Omidyar took his passion for computer and used it to computer catalog his school's library, while being paid an incredible $6 an hour (Bunnell ). In 11, while Omidyar was working for the company he co-founded called Ink Development Corporation, e-commerce was a new idea (Bunnell 8) and now seems as revolutionary as sliced bread. Later Ink was bought out by Microsoft (couldn't you have guessed?) and renamed eShop (Bunnell 17). Omidyar then went to work for a mobile communications platform company called General Magic; it is there where the idea for online auctions came up (Bunnell 18).

Omidyar decided to create eBay to help his girlfriend expand her collection of Pez dispensers (Adler ), but little did he know he would be expanding a lot more than that. After his internet provider told him he had too much traffic for them to hold his web site Omidyar had to buy a server to put in his apartment. Soon after he expanded his girlfriend's Pez dispenser collection he realized he was going to have to expand that server, or better yet his apartment to make room for that large of a server. That time probably came around 16, when he was forced to register his web site as a corporation. It was around this time when Omidyar was forced to change from no listing fee to 5 cents per listing (Bunnell 4). Omidyar thought he might lose his customers but later said, "People seemed happy to pay for the service, except I was so busy keeping the site going, I couldn't even get to the mail and open the checks that were piling up. That's when I realized my little hobby-experiment had taken on a life of its own" (Bunnell qtd. 4).

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Essentially what Omidyar was doing when he created eBay was trying to tap the market of flea markets, garage sales, resale shops, public auctions, and classifieds. That may sound trivial, but in America it is a $100 Billion a year market (Bunnell 6). And to take it a step further, that $100 billion a year is only stuff that is actually sold. How many people just pile junk up in their basement, attic, garage, or even rental storage just because they don't want to lose something that they paid for but no longer need? I bet you are thinking, "I am one of those people." Well congratulations you are among millions. EBay gives all of these people a way to get rid of that stuff and still hold some of their dignity because it is like selling a used car; you got use out of it and now you get a portion of that money back when you are finished with it. Now that $100 Billion a year market has probably expanded about that much more. Now you can see why some people may call spring cleaning "eBay cleaning".

Back in 5' and 6' when eBay was just getting itself together the odds of actually being able to tap this market probably seemed very miniscule, but eBay has surprised us all, especially those who made millions off of the stock. Once the company began to grow more and more and show its potential as a major e-business, Omidyar and the partners he developed along the way decided that they needed to hire a CEO that knew more about the buisness than they did. When it came down to it they gave full control of day to day operations to Meg Whitman, who was CEO of Hasbro preschool division at the time. The offer to Whitman was $145,000 a year salary with up to $100,000 in bonuses, which in big buisness wasn't a huge offer. But the big perk for Whitman was that she had the option of buying 7. million shares of the company for only $0.0 per share(Bunnell 114), to put it in lay terms, if things went well she could be a billionaire. Under Whitman's leadership eBay has evolved even further into mainstream consumer buisness. No longer is eBay just the place to find beanie-babies and antique furniture and other garage sale items, it has reached main stream retailing. Whitman has helped to make eBay more of a main stream retail store in many ways but one way is by the new "Buy It Now" option, which allows the buyers to now buy the item at a fixed price and not have to wait until the end of the auction to call it their own. In 001 fixed price sales accounted for twenty percent of sales, and Whitman hopes to push that up to thirty-three percent (Adler ).

EBay has moved so far into main stream that other large corporations worth even more than eBay such as Motorola, Sears, IBM, and even Dell sell their items through their own eBay "store" directly on eBay (Adler ). Even larger corporations than these are using eBay to sell their overstock items rather than sell off to liquidators. eBay says that Motorola sells approximately $1 million worth of old phones per month and makes about 45% more on eBay than they would if they sold to a liquidator (Grow 1). In fact, eBay says that big name companies make about 5% of its sales (Grow ). Whitman has pushed eBay so far into main stream consumerism that actual revenue from selling of goods on eBay was over $40 million up % from 1, only two years earlier (Cohen ). That is almost a fifty percent increase in revenue per year. And even furthermore, eBay had over .5 million registered users in May of this year, up 15% from the previous quarter at an annualized rate (Cohen 1).

What does that mean? It means people are starting to use eBay as a way to shop. Not as a way to find that hard to find collectible, but to shop. In fact, eBay is predicted to do over $6 billion in sales of merchandise in this year alone. I'm sorry but there isn't $6 billion worth of collectible trading happening on one website in one year. Sure, that is about 5% of what Wal-Mart sells in a year, but I but Wal-Mart can not say that they raised that high, that fast. If Wal-Mart grew that fast, today there would be only one place where you could buy something and that would be Wall-Mart. EBay will probably not continue to grow as fast as it did in its first years, but why would it stop growing? If you think about it, eBay is like an online Wal-Mart, and give it the amount of time that Wal-Mart has had to grow and well, maybe there won't be a Wall-Mart anymore.

Maybe one of the things that makes eBay's success so unique is the way it is run. Today most American's probably don't even know what the honor system is because everyone has lost touch with it, but eBay is based on it. Omidyar built the business to act like a community of members and not customers, after all Omidyar isn't selling anything. Members police themselves by awarding each other feedback of praise or complaint and that gives that user a rating. This way, someone knows that the person they are buying from is honest and the seller knows that the person they are selling to will not be a deadbeat. This system works incredibly well, in fact the percentage of fraud on eBay is less than 0.01% (Adler ). You could argue that is still a lot for millions and millions of auctions but even when there is fraud, most of the time you can foresee it if you just know a little bit about eBay. For many this system of shopping has changed the way they shop and even think for that matter. It is true that it probably hasn't affected most people, but I bet Wal-Mart didn't affect many people after five years either. It is obvious that eBay has come a long way and made shopping easier and less expensive for many and with it moving into the mainstream, could soon effect the way everyone shops.

Please note that this sample paper on eBay and American Consumerism is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on eBay and American Consumerism, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on eBay and American Consumerism will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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IN THE SKIN OF A LION: EPIGRAPHS

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Submitted by Jennifer Kuchinka

Submitted to Dr. M.A. Wigmore

Submitted for English 1

Nov.5/001

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Epigraphs That Leave a Mark on our Hearts and Minds

An epigraph is a motto or quotation at that the beginning of a literary composition, setting forth a theme for the reader. The first quotation in Michael Ondaatje's, "In the Skin of a Lion," is in reference to the Epic Of Gilgamesh and it states, "The joyful will stoop with sorrow and when you have gone to the earth I will let my hair grow long for your sake, I will wander through the wilderness in the skin of a lion." The second by John Berger states, "Never again will a single story be told as though it were the only one." Both these quotations leave the reader with a focus for the work as we are given a chance to glimpse into many people's lives, feeling their heartache, pain and the sorrow of a world that isn't always just.

The first quotation directly relates to the story of Patrick Lewis in many ways according to the Epic of Gilgamesh. The mesoptamian Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest and most moving stories rooted in the ancient widom-tradition of mankind. Gilgamesh was a historical king that built the city of Uruk in Babylonia. He was two-thirds god and one third human. The Epic of Gilgamesh consists of 1 tablets all describing the moral dilemma's and the journeys that Gilgamesh endured. One particular tablet describes Gilgamesh's mourning for his dear friend Enkidu.

Gilgamesh and Enkidu were devoted friends that helped each other, listened to each other and grew stronger as each day passed. Sadly though, Enkidu, had crossed the gods and their vengenance was on his head. He was eventually killed leaving Gilgamesh in despair and mourning. After his death, Gilgamesh's life fell apart. He did not bathe or leave his house; his heart at the loss of his beloved friend in despair beyond belief. He orders all of creation to always mourn and remember his dear friend and even builds a monument in Enkidu's name. Shortly after the death of his friend, he is offered a chance at immortality. He sets out on a perilous journey and listens to the gods as they outline the conditions of recieving immortality. Gilgamesh must stay awake for 7 days and 7 nights. He falls asleep, falling short of his goal similar to Patrick, thoughts of his friend never far from his mind.

Both Gilgamesh and Patrick find someone to bring meaning to their lives. In Michael Ondaatje's story we are introduced to Patrick Lewis, a man searching for love and meaning in his life. Patrick meets Alice, a woman that he had met through Clara. After suffering the pain of losing Clara, Patrick looks for meaning and depth to his life. Unexpectedly, Alice drops into his life and just as suddenly disappears. Shortly after they are reunited and begin to build a relationship that will devestatingly end too soon.

In a chaotic world, where one has to struggle to make ends meet, Patrick and Alice begin to build a relationship together on the foundation of love. Not only do they connect, sexually, but also spiritually and emotionally sharing intimate moments and discussions. In one discussion, Alice speaks of "the grand cause." "He knows he will never forget a word or gesture of hers tonight, in this doll-house of a room." (15) As the days go on, Patrick grows closer and closer to Alice. "He was restless and full of Alice Gull." (1) Just as Gilgamesh's relationship eventually strengthens with Enkidu, as each day passes Patrick lets Alice become more and more his entire life.

At the hands of someone else, both Gilgamesh and Patrick lose someone special to them and are faced with a world of sorrow and pain. "Now he aches for her smallness, her intricacy-he needs a second glance whenever he thinks of her. Now he aches for her, for those days that belonged to the moon." (15) Patrick begins to recall the good and bad times that he had with Alice, knowing that never again will he be able to hold her. He is frightened similar to Gilgamesh that the memory of his loved one will fade away. "He knows he doesn't have long before he loses the exact memory of her face." (16)

Similar to Gilgamesh, Patrick has a lot of pent-up rage and emotions that he does not know how to deal with. Gilgamesh sets out on a perilous journey looking for immortality, angered at the gods who at their hands has taken his dear friend's life. Patrick also feels he must revenge against others. Patrick's first attack on a hotel puts him in jail, where his raging emotions only fester. After being released from jail, Patrick decides to attack the Waterworks plant. Patrick finally opens up and explains the details of Alice's death to Rowland, as he stands before him with explosives strapped to his chest. "I don't want to talk about this anymore," Patrick says to Rowland. "Then it will always be a nightmare," he replies. "It will always be a nightmare, Harris." () Therefore, it is apparent that Ondaatje wanted us to focus on Patrick's mourning for Alice as well as our own mourning for ones we have loved and lost.

The second quotation, "never again will a single story be told as though it were the only one," also leaves us with a focus for the novel. In the beginning of the book, we are introduced to Patrick but throughout the novel we are also given a chance to glimpse into Clara, Alice, Caravaggio, Nicholas and Rowland Harris' lives. The framework of the novel is Patrick telling Hana the story of her mother as they drive to pick up Clara. He tells a story about a nun falling off a bridge and being rescued, a millionaire missing with a heavy reward on his head, and a thief whose companion is a dog. But more importantly then the exact details of the stories is the connection between them all.

Patrick makes it clear to Hana that each of these stories are connected as they drive to pick up Clara. He talks about how Nicholas had rescued Alice from falling off the bridge. "The man in mid-air under the central arch saw the shape fall towards him, in that second knowing his rope would not hold them both." (1) Patrick and Hana both know very, little about Alice's life at this time. Patrick and Hana are left with many open-ended questions at this time because they are not clear of Alice's choice to lead such a different life. In this portion of the novel, we are also introduced to a dreamer, Rowland Harris, who is the mastermind of most of the buildings and operations in Toronto at this time, who we later learn is also connected to the story.

Patrick also tells about how he came to Toronto and began to take on the task of searching for Ambrose Small, a vanished millionaire with a heavy reward on his head. He tells Hana, how he met Clara, Ambrose's mistress and Alice's best friend. "Clara Dickens knew him best, they told him. She was the rare lover." (60) Patrick tells Hana how he falls in love with Clara and how she eventually leaves him to be with Ambrose. Patrick goes on to describe how Alice finally comes back into his life. He then reminds Hana of the happy life that they had once shared for a short time in a world where they were the only three that existed.

Patrick also dedicates some of his story to Caravaggio, the charismatic thief who he comes in contact with. He explains to Hana, how he is distraught with sorrow and despair after the death of her mother and with the help of Caravaggio destroys a hotel. He tells her about his experiences in jail with Caravaggio and the fateful night when Caravaggio was nearly killed. Replying to Hana's questions of prison and the friends he has made, he tells her about Caravaggio. "He was a thief. Some people tried to cut his throat in jail" (1.)

Finally Patrick tells Hana the ending and the near-fatal destruction of the Waterworks plant, connecting all the stories together and bringing the reader to the present. Ondaatje obviously feels that the reader should focus somewhat on how each story has many more stories that must be told in order to understand that particular story. One quotation in particular also describes when Patrick came to the understanding that he was part of this intricate web of stories. "His own life was no longer a single story but part of a mural, which was a falling together of accomplices. Patrick saw a wondrous night web-all of these fragments of a human order, something ungoverned by the family he was born into or the headlines of the day. A nun on a bridge, a daredevil who was unable to sleep without drink, a boy watching a fire from his bed at night, an actress who ran away with a millionaire-the detritus and chaos of the age was realigned." (145)

Once reading, Michael Ondaatje's, "In the Skin of a Lion," the reader understands just how the quotations are significant to the novel. It makes the reader also take a look at their own lives and reflect on the mourning process that everyone must endure at one point in their lives. It makes us realize the web of stories that must be told in order to understand one particular story. Perhaps, we have to read the entire novel before we can fully understand just why Michael Ondaatje chose to introduce this novel with two moving, epigraphs. Either way, the reader like Hana is given a glimpse into the lives of all these people who will ultimately leave a mark in their hearts and minds, even after the last page is turned.

Please note that this sample paper on IN THE SKIN OF A LION: EPIGRAPHS is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on IN THE SKIN OF A LION: EPIGRAPHS, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on IN THE SKIN OF A LION: EPIGRAPHS will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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