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The United States Constitution says that "We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator certain in alienable rights among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Affirmative action goes against the constitution upholds, the fact all men are created equal. If all men are equal, is there a need to place special emphasis on particular group? I oppose the resolution Resolve Affirmative action programs are justified in American Society. I will defend the resolution with the value premise societal welfare. My criterion is equitable treatment. Societal welfare is defined by the Social History website as communities and institutions in a society taken action to provide certain standards and opportunities. My contentions to support the resolution are affirmative access,
reverse discrimination, and preferential treatment.
My first contention is Affirmative Access. Affirmative Access is a policy implemented in Texas, Florida, and California that guarantees admission to any state University for seniors graduating in the top ten percent of the class in Texas, the top twenty percent in Florida, and top ten percent in California.
In 17, the last year before race was banned in California, 18.8 percent of that class consisted of underrepresented minorities. In 001, that number 1.1 percent in statewide. Affirmative access avoids quotas. Quotas are a set number. Affirmative access is better that Affirmative action because it is only based on a students academic ability rather that their race. Affirmative access has the society's welfare in mind by treating all equal.
My second contention is reverse discrimination. Merrian-Webster's dictionary defines reverse discrimination as discrimination against whites in employment or education. Affirmative action is nothing more that discrimination sanctioned by law. Programs such as the Michigan point system promote reverse discrimination. The Michigan point system allots 0 points for minorities while a white person can only receive 1 points for a perfect SAT or Act score. Proponents for affirmative action would like you to believe that college selection without regard to race amounts to unfair discrimination against oppressed people. By this logic, subjecting innocent whites to unequal treatment is not unfair or discriminatory. Wrong. Discriminating against one group for a good cause is still discriminating.
Attack On Affirmative Case
In conclusion, the only way to protect the society's welfare is through equal treatment. Equitable treatment can not be achieve through affirmative action, but through affirmative access. Affirmative Access is currently implemented in three states Texas, Florida, and California. Since the program has been implemented, college admission for minorities has risen. Reverse discrimination is a cause of affirmative action programs. Equitable treatment is not being promoted through discrimination. As I stated before, the only way to look out for societal welfare is through equitable treatment for all people.
Thomas Sowell states in his article "Dirty Secrets about Affirmative Action states that
Hysteria-mongers may claim that there would be no blacks in our leading academic institutions without affirmative action. But lets check a few facts. The first black man graduated from Harvard a hundred years before there was affirmative action. The first black man to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard did so just over a hundred years ago. The first black woman graduated from Oberlin in 186. Blacks were attending Hillsdale College before the Civil War -- even though Hillsdale has opposed affirmative action to this very day. Most blacks were of course in no position to achieve things like this, because they did not have the opportunity to get a decent education. That is what they have always needed -- opportunities, not preferences and quotas. School vouchers will do more for blacks than affirmative action has ever done
In the United States, preferences and quotas can have negative effects on the groups supposedly benefiting, as well as positive effects. Since only the positive effects are likely to be publicized, the negative effects are seldom counted. For example, the ease with which a discrimination lawsuit can be made against an employer for not having employment statistics that match the local population provides incentives for employers to locate away from minority communities. That can easily cost members of these communities more jobs than they gain from preferences or quotas. But few people even think about trying to weigh the net balance of gains and losses, because it is arbitrarily assumed that there can only be gains.
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