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Everglades National Park
On November 17, 001 I visited Everglades National Park. Established in 147
Everglades National Park was the first national park preserved primarily for its abundance and variety of life, rather than scenic or historic values. The Florida Everglades is the most environmentally threatened park in the nation - the list of ecological concerns seems endless. Most of the problems stem from the altered hydrology of the everglades due to agricultural demands, flood control, and other forms development.
The primary purpose of the Everglades is to maintain and preserve its natural resources and also to provide recreation for the public. The park is approximately 1.7 million acres and growing as it claims bordering lands to the park.
Custom Essays on Everglades National Park
This park has many habitats and communities. At present day, approximately 1,000 plant and animal species invade the park along with approximately 0 endemic plant species. Some of the natural habitats in the park include pinelands, mangroves, sawgrass, marine, and swamp and marsh habitats.
One of the main problems affecting these natural habitats of the Everglades is the water table. The water table of the Everglades is naturally at a delicate equilibrium. Once the equilibrium was disturbed by development, the water table started fluctuating from high to low levels. Droughts and floods alike cause problems for the Everglades. The Everglades has been altered such that / of the area depends on the rain received by 1/ of the original watershed. The amount of water the Everglades receives is only one half the original amount; there is not enough water to sustain the ecological systems.
The level of disturbance this park has experienced is incredible. When regions of the Everglades are filled with excess water, an unnatural hydro period occurs. These abnormal wet cycles are harmful to the ecosystem of the area. If more water is released into the park, their nests are flooded and destroyed. Due to the altered hydro periods, much of the natural habitat has been destroyed. For example alligators build their nests at the high-water level. If more water is released into the park, their nests are flooded and destroyed. Right now about 500 remain in Florida. Endangered snail kite birds feed on the aquatic apple snail. Low- water conditions, human caused or natural, reduce snail and snail-kite populations. This, coupled with the frequent droughts, has a detrimental effect on the wildlife. There are 14 endangered animal species in the Everglades, and many more populations are on the decline. Wading birds and water animals are the most affected by low water levels because their food sources are destroyed. The tiny fish that are food for many birds certainly cannot live in a dried up pond, and therefore birds also are affected.
The wood stork has declined from 6,000 nesting birds to just 500 since the 160's. Their feeding behavior explains their predicament. Wood storks feed not by sight, but by touch in shallow and often muddy water full of plants. Fish can't be seen in those conditions. Only seasonally drying wetlands concentrate enough fish to provide the 440 pounds a pair of these big birds requires during breeding season. When human water management upsets natural wetland cycles, wood storks fail to nest successfully.
One exotic currently threatening the park is the Brazilian Pepper. This exotic is currently grown in a 4,000 square acre area that used to be farmland and that the park took over. Park officials assumed that they would be able to take out the vegetation and allow the natural vegetation to take over, but that never happened. The result of this was that they basically changed the nutrient composition of the soil. So now all that grows there is Brazilian Pepper.
One way that they have been able to eradicate this is to total substrate the area. This means basically that they are removing every last particle down to the limestone. This process will allow the sedimentation process to occur again and hopefully organic materials and other particles will settle in over the limestone. When this happens it is expected to return to zero nutrient quality and then the native plants will be able to grow again.
Some of the species invading the park are Pink Shrimp, Brown Pelican, Osprey, Gray Snapper, Turtle Grass, White Pelican, Great White Heron, White Ibis, Crayfish, Marsh Rabbit, River Otter, Baytrees, Alligators, White Tailed Deer, Strangler Fig, Sawgrass Skipper, Wildpine, Royal Palm, and Yellow Rat Snake.
Currently the threatened plant species is Garber's Spurge.
The endangered reptiles list includes the American crocodile previously mentioned, Hawksbill Turtle, Green turtle, Atlantic Ridley Turtle, and Leatherback Turtle.
Endangered birds Wood Stork, Snail Kite, Red-Cockaded Woodpecker, and Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow.
The threatened species list includes Garber's Spurge (plant), Stock Island Tree Snail (invertebrate), American Alligator (reptile), Eastern Indigo Snake (reptile), Loggerhead Turtle (reptile), Southern Bald Eagle (bird), Artic peregrine Falcon (bird), Piping Plover (bird), and Roseate Tern (bird).
The most important mammal here is the Florida Panther. The tragic population decline- fewer than 50 are left- of this large cat, symbolizes the environmental deterioration that has plagued this park. The panther holds the distinction of being among the most critical of all the 68 endangered and threatened species living in the Everglades.
Solutions are underway, but the fate of Everglades National Park still hangs in the balance. Congress has extended the park boundaries to protect the eastern Shark River Slough. This slough used to host higher concentrations of wading bird nesting populations than any other area in the park location. The enlargement is expected to help turn around the percent decline these species have suffered by restoring critical habitat. The Park Service is currently working with the US Army Corps of Engineers and other water management jurisdictions to adapt natural rainfall modes of manipulating water supplies.
To help reduce or eliminate the effect of invasive exotic species in the community, the average citizen could contribute by not releasing or growing any exotic animal or plant species. They could also help by supporting legislation that will fund and plan projects that will help natural parks eliminate these exotic species so that natural habitat could take over.
As a future educator myself, I plan on educating my students about our environment, this could be done through Environmental Education programs offered through the park service. Our ultimate goal is to protect our environment so that future generations may have a livable habitat.
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