Godot

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Many religions emphasize that one who has faith in God will benefit from His graces. It is evident through his play that Samuel Becket, the author of Waiting for Godot, has his strong doubts about the matter. Vladimir and Estragon, the two protagonists of the play, wait endlessly on the empty country road for Godot, the character Beckett creates to represent God. By failing to reveal Godot at any point throughout the entire play, Beckett is not only expressing his own lack of faith and his disbelief in a higher being such as God, he is also advising the reader or audience not to waste his or her time with such an absurd concept as God.

Many readers of Beckett's play have either been under the assumption or have had the opinion that Godot represents God. The tie between the character of the play and God is revealed through the discussion of the white beard, a physical characteristic shared by both figures. The first and only time Lucky talks, he is addressing Vladimir and Estragon, and he immediately mentions "God… with [a] white beard" (Beckett 45). The connection occurs at the end of the play, after Godot has failed to appear for the third apparent time, when Vladimir is discussing Godot's physical appearance with the boy, apparently Godot's messenger

Vladimir (softly). Has he a beard, Mr. Godot?

Boy Yes Sir.

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Vladimir Fair or… (he hesitates)… or black?

Boy I think it's white, Sir. (106)

This is a parallel that so often seems to go unseen by those who try to deny that Godot represents God. Yet, there would be no other reason why Beckett would include this correlation other than to link Godot's character with God. Additionally, Beckett intends to convey his opinion that anyone is foolish to waste his or her time with such an absurd concept as God by representing Estragon and Vladimir as society as a whole, rather than two individual characters "at this place, at this moment of time, all mankind is us, whether we like it or not" (0). By relating the characters to society, Beckett expresses to his audience that it is not only his two characters who have wasted their time in 'idle discourse' by waiting for God, but rather that there are countless people worldwide who wait without receiving the benefit they expect to eventually receive.

Both Vladimir and Estragon show their interest in religion throughout the entirety of the play, but are never rewarded for their faith towards God. They wait idly for days together with hope as their only motivation that Godot will eventually com "What are we doing here, that is the question. And we are blessed in this, that we happen to know the answer. Yes, in this immense confusion one thing alone is clear. We are waiting for Godot to come" (1). The two characters make multiple references to religious figures such as Christ, Cain, Abel and others throughout the play. Such biblical allusions support the notion that Waiting for Godot has much to do with religion, and that Godot indeed represents God. Vladimir and Estragon remain by the willow tree for the entirety of the play, relentlessly waiting for Godot symbolically God for two days, both of which are monotonous and strangely identical to each other. It is through the fact that they are never once rewarded for their faith in his arrival that Beckett expresses his conviction to the audience. Beckett stages this irony to show his existentialist philosophy that it is absurd and unnecessary to have faith in God, and that one is doing nothing but wasting time when he is waiting for guidance or support from a higher power such as God.

As the play progresses, the hope that Godot will appear diminishes gradually for Vladimir and Estragon. Both acts end with the words of Vladimir and Estragon contradicting with their actions. They decide to go, losing hope and faith in Godot. However, the audience is able to see that they are hopeless and have nowhere to go as they remain motionless by the same willow tree. The two characters wait for days on end and willingly shelter themselves from the rest of the world as Godot, who will "come to-morrow, without fail" (105), consistently fails to appear at all. Their only hope seems to be instilled in Godot's character, yet Godot fails to appear at all. Therefore, since the only hope they have is in a false character, they really have absolutely no hope at all. Their existence is pointless, which is obvious as Estragon suggests to Vladimir "What about hanging ourselves?" (1). Despite the fact that what happens after the play has finished is up to the mind of the reader, little if any hope is left with Estragon and Vladimir for Godot's appearance. The audience feels an incredible lack of satisfaction at the conclusion of the play since Vladimir and Estragon are still left waiting for Godot. It is as if they have gone in two complete circles and done nothing except waste time. This is precisely Beckett's intent with the play to make the audience realize that waiting around for God is a complete waste of time.

Through his play, Samuel Beckett ultimately wants to emphasize to the reader that it is pointless to hold a strong faith in God. He has created two characters who are waiting for Godot, a significant figure in their lives who fails to appear at either of their scheduled meetings. Beckett makes Godot, who symbolizes God, into the antagonist of the play by having him keep Vladimir and Estragon waiting desperately and pointlessly for him. Again, Samuel Beckett creates the two characters of the play to represent all of mankind. In a view more broad than just the faith in the support and appearance of God, Beckett's message in Waiting for Godot could be applied in many different ways. We, as a society, could be waiting for Mr. or Mrs. right, for the job of our choice to have an opening, or simply for acceptance or recognition in whatever way we desire. It might never come, and in the end we very well may become stranded like Estragon and Vladimir. Through Godot's failure to appear in the play, Beckett is emphasizing his doubt in a God and expressing his opinion that it is pointless to "waste our time in idle discourse" (0), as Vladimir and Estragon have done, over whatever faith, dream, or aspiration we as a society may have.

Works Cited

Beckett, Samuel. Waiting For Godot. New York Grove Press, 18.

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Critical Comparision of 'The Color Purple' Novel into Film.

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Critical Comparison of 'The Color Purple' Novel into film.

The Color Purple is a novel which deals with many black moral issues such as the treatment of black women within the black family, the differences between whites and blacks and the position of black women in society. These issues have all been dealt with by a black female, Alice Walker, about the black experiences and culture. It has been felt that the transition into film has taken away the true intentions of the novel, and therefore the meaning changed, due to a different reading and perspective taken by an 'outsider', a white male, Steven Spielberg. 'Everyone reads a novel differently and depending on whether you are a feminist, African American, Civil rights activist, a folklorist or a religious believer might read with different attentions to the novel.'

Therefore the style of adaptation which Spielberg has taken is one without direct transposition, but comes in Wagner's' category of 'commentary'. This is 'Where an original is taken and either purposefully or inadvertently altered in some respect … when there has been a different intention on part of the film maker, rather than infidelity or outright violation.' This means that there is a critical engagement with the original novel; however there are some major differences.

I am concentrating on the final letter in the novel and seeing how Spielberg has chosen to adapt it.

One of the major differences Spielberg has made to the ending of the film is by portraying Mr.- as a hero. At the end of the novel Mr.- and Celie become friends and the search for Nettie involves Celie, Mr.- and Shug and Mr.- was actually there at Nettie's return. However in the end of the film you see Mr.- go the 'State Department of Immigration and Naturalization' and then looking onto the scene when Nettie returns. The viewer never truly knows if it is Mr.- who alone brought around Nettie's return, as there is no dialogue involving Mr.-, however by what the camera concentrates on and the use of editing, the viewer is directed through a set of events which leads to this decision of Mr.- being seen as the hero, reuniting the family he broke up. However gaps are prominent and there is possibility for a completely different reading.

Mr.- throughout the novel and film has been portrayed as the 'baddie' and although in the novel he is redeemed by Celie, it's a gradual process. 'Now us sit sewing and talking and smoking our pipes.' However in the film it all appears at the end and his way of apologising to Celie is by finding Nettie. Celie however doesn't know that it is him and only Shug realises that Mr.- is responsible. This however is another gap, as there is no dialogue between them, the camera just moves back and forth between each of their faces suggesting a silent conversation, where the viewer uses their facial movements to determine the outcome to be one of acknowledgement, understanding and forgiveness.

This major change in the ending, where Mr.- is made to appear a hero by initiating Netties return could be seen as one of Barthes Cardinal Functions, which are risky moments or alternatives within the narrative. 'When a major cardinal function is deleted or altered in the film version (e.g. to provide a happy rather than sombre ending), this is apt to critical outrage and popular disaffection. The film maker bent on faithful adaptation must, as a basis for such enterprise, seek to preserve the major cardinal functions'. Because Spielberg changed this moment in the film, it changes the whole outcome of the ending. This is one moment where I feel Spielberg should have kept to the original novel but he appeared to want a hero a saviour of the day, possibly to attract a wider audience and to make a much happier ending. This also emphasises Mr's.- change from 'baddie' to 'goodie' which isn't otherwise seen.

Spielberg uses conventions from the Western genre, possibly to appeal to a more diverse audience. This is seen with Mr.- as the big hero, and the way he watches the reunion scene by his white horse, which could possibly symbolise surrender, and emphasise his transformation, from bad to good. As well as him walking off into the sunset, in the foreground of Celie and Netties reunion. The diagetic sounds of birdsong and the wind, emphasises more western conventions along with the non diagetic playing of the harmonica.

'Walker's utopian ending was adapted by Steven Spielberg in 185 in a way which allows Mister to become the saviour of the film he alone arranges for Celie's family reunion which he witnesses in the style of a Hollywood western. On the edge of the family gathering, he slowly turns away and, with his horse, heroically walks into the sunset.'

Spielberg, in the film has added a scene just before this final one, where Shug is redeemed by her father in his church. This in some way mirrors the exchange made between Celie and Mr.- in the novel, where she forgives him for the wrongs he has done in the past. The same music is carried over from the scene with Shug and her fathers reconciliation to when Mr.- is at the state office, again possibly emphasising the fact that this is Mr's.- apology to Celie. However some may question why Spielberg decided to add a scene concentrating on Shug and her father rather than concentrating on the redemption between Celie and Mr.-, who are the characters who have been at the forefront of the novel. I and many others believe that this could have been done in order to again romanticise the ending and make it more appealing for 'Hollywood' at the time of production. It could appear that he is more intent on reaching a mass generalised audience than staying true to the end of the novel.

'His sensibility informs almost every frame, turning an intimate tale into a large-scale, overblown Disneyesque Victorian melodrama, full of big moments and simplified characters (who can neatly be defined in terms of good or bad).'

Spielberg was well known as a director when he took on the Color Purple. He was known for directing big action packed, Hollywood block busters and therefore wanted this film to appeal to the audiences he had already attracted. Because Spielberg was a such well known director, it is hard to believe that there was such a lack of continuity in the film, this is seen with Tashi and Adams scars not being visible even though the audience were previously told in the film they had been done and the fact that Adam and Olivia don't speak English even though they were brought up by Americans.

The major changes may also be necessary due to the film being made in a different time period to when the novel was based. Although the novel was only published three years prior to the film, the actual events happened a long time before, so he was directing for a different audience, who possibly held a different set of ideological values to those that the novel was originally intended. He could be seen as trying to give the novels subject matter a wider reach so it appealed to the wider audience he required. As Christopher Orr remarks 'Within this critical context (i.e. of intertextuality), the issue is not whether the adapted film is faithful to its source, but rather how the choice of a specific source and how that approach to that source serves the films ideology.'

The film also cuts out the final scene in the novel where the whole family are celebrating 4th July. Spielberg just ended on a note of reunion between the sisters, playing in the purple field which mirrors the beginning of the film. The music helps the audience realise its Nettie who has returned before Celie calls out her name, as the music is the same as the beginning of the film. The music helps the viewer link previous events as well as evoking emotion and feeling. Music is one of Metz five signifiers, which he uses to try and analyse film. However the whole 4th July scene is where all Celie's friends are there, and is there to show the unity between the black men and women, which was one of the main themes concentrated on throughout the novel.

'The novel was a fable ending on a note of reunion, not only between the sisters but symbolically also between black men and black women. I the film Mr.- undergoes a transformation. But one hardly understands it; one is merely puzzled by it.' The unity between black men and women is shown in the film in the end scene where the camera focuses on Harpo holding a tray of drinks, something you would never have seen previously. The transformation does puzzle the viewer as it goes unnoticed by all except Shug, and that is one aspect which should have been shown in the film, the reunion between Celie and Mr.-.

Overall Spielberg has adapted the ending of the film in various ways to make it more appealing to a 'Hollywood' audience. Many feel he has taken away the true meaning of the novel by his use of flashy editing, dramatic close ups and inflated musical sequences. However, I believe that Spielberg has got across the main theme of the novel, the treatment of women amongst the black family, but has taken away the positive side, the unity which comes out of it between the black men and women, by characterising Mr.- as a hero. These are the main changes he has made to make this novel suitable for a different, wider audience and for the time it was made.

Word Count = 161

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Anne frank

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"But the bright little girl soon enough recognizes that the cultivated inner life can be a much more powerful and dangerous weapon with which to repel intruders than any baseball bat. It may be in her diary that she discovers how to keep part of herself back, and to take revenge on those who have wounded what part of her has been exposed. She learns about herself faster than her brother…" This quote was written by Thomas Mallon in 184. The quote refers to Anne Frank being the "little girl". I think that Thomas Mallon thought the confessional diary that Anne Frank kept was very powerful. Anne Frank did not need any weapons to fight off her enemies because she had the powers of words. The diary Anne kept did not only disparage her enemies. A lot of the time she would criticize herself and talk about her flaws. The diary was not all bad things either. Anne talked about how she understood her relationship with others. She talks about her personal growth and the development of her private and public self. Anne's diary was published and soon everyone in the world knew of her secrets. The idea that Anne's words are more powerful that a bat are supported by all of Anne's writings, which is as simple as it sounds.

"I have … a dual personality."(71) Anne is one to say this because she acts a certain way, but feels a different way. Anne will go along with the crowd and seem normal but when she writes in her diary it is different. Anne talks about being smarter and deeper. She interprets herself as being more connected with herself. Her dual personalities are deeper than, let's say, a person who is bi-polar. Anne is afraid. She is afraid of what people might think if she shows her deeper side. She has a good reason to be scared, "I'm awfully scared that everyone who knows me as I always am will discover

That I have another side, a finer and better side. I'm afraid they'll laugh at me."(70) Anne is scared of what other people will think about her if they find out about her other personality. This quote shows that Anne's self worth is like a fetus, not matured at all. If Anne is afraid of what people think then she is not ready for what they will actually think. She will not look at the lighter side of showing her other personality, but she will look at the darker side of showing her personality. Being pessimistic is evidence that she has not developed her private and public self. If she were to be more optimistic and not think of all the bad things her personality offers she might be able to mature more into the person and personality she deeply wants to. More evidence that shows Anne is undeveloped is her wimpy will to fight off the personality she doesn't like and show everyone the personality she wants to. "Sometimes, if I really compel the good Anne to take stage for a quarter of an hour, she simply shrivels up as soon as she has to speak, and lets Anne no. 1 take over…" (70) Anne writes that she can't push out her deep personality because it will shrivel up as soon as it creeps its little head out. Why will it shrivel up? Because Anne doesn't have any willpower. She lives her life taking no action but what is given to her. The personality that makes Anne acceptable to public is a personality that other people around Anne originally formed. Anne didn't have a personality and others formed a materialistic one for her, she took it and morphed it into her own so she could live with it. Deep down inside Annes real personality is, I wish I could say bubbling up ready to explode out, but its not. It is just sitting inside her being pushed deeper and deeper down farther away where she can ignore it. I think that if

Anne had more willpower to fight and get her personality out it would be a lot easier for her because she would not care as much what people thought or how they reacted to her deep personality. Even though Anne can't bring her deep personality out she still has a great understanding of her relationships with others. She understands other people better then they understand themselves. Anne observes more, I think when she is in her materialistic mode rather then her real mode. When she observes she goes deep into peoples feelings to write down what she thinks is going on in their head. "Father accepts Mother as she is, is often annoyed, but says as little as possible, because he knows the sacrifices Mother has had to make."(50) Anne has observed her parents so long; she has come to the conclusion that they are in fact not in love. They are only together to sustain a family. With these words you could say that Anne has definably personally grown more and understands things better. The reason Anne has had such personal growth is because all she can do is observe. If her deep personality peeked its head out she would be very nervous and anxious because she has no self esteem. Anne would crumble if she tried to observe with her deep personality. She is too scared and does not have enough self esteem to bring the deep personality out. Her ideals are uneducated. "In spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart." (716) If she thinks that all people are good at heart then she is still thinking that one day she will be able to bring out her deep personality because everybody are good people and she won't have to change because everyone else is going to change. That is ignorant. Even though she might have

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Grown personally, I think she will never learn that she has to force herself to push out the deep personality and be who she really is.

The Diary of Anne Frank was a great autobiography, because it showed the deep thoughts of the writer not just what was happening in their life, like most other autobiographies. Without knowing Anne took autobiographies to a new level. She showed us what it was like to live with two personalities. Out of all the autobiographies I have read, I think that hers is the best, because she goes in depth. Not all auto biographies are the same. Some are more interesting than others. Some have more lies then others. But when you analyze a single biography, you become one with the writer. You go so deep into their writing you feel like you know them; this is what happened when I read Anne Franks Diaries. To be in her head was an adventure all of its own.

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Immigration

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on immigration. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality immigration paper right on time.

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Immigration in the United States

Immigration has played an important role in the building and formation of America, because of this federal laws have resulted in mass immigration. Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders account for a large number of Asians who now reside in the United States and consists of various other groups. These growing populations of immigrants include such groups as Chinese Americans, Filipino Americans, Japanese Americans, Korean Americans, and Vietnamese Americans, Hawaiians and Samoans, and people from India, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. According to 10 census, there are currently over than 7. million Asian American and Pacific islanders who currently live in the United States. Many of these immigrants migrate to the United States in search for better living conditions, better jobs, and just better economic opportunity.

Throughout history, Congress has enacted laws and has had to amend them to control the flow of both legal and illegal migration to the United States. Many proposition have been passed to support this halt in immigration Legislation was first enacted in an effort to control the number of applicants fleeing persecution; it permitted 05,000 refugees to enter the United States. Later on into the 0th century there would be laws repealing the older immigration laws and acts making it possible for many more foreigners to immigrate to the United States. Even with the new acts and laws that banned the older ones, no one can just walk right in and become a citizen. One must go through several examinations and tests before he or she can earn their citizenship.

A controversy which wavers through many minds is whether the United States is inherently a nation of immigrants who share the responsibility and the riches for the development of this country or whether the United States a nation where immigrants present the greatest current threat to national security and economic stability. I believe that immigration adds to the progress and formation of the United States. I believe that immigration helps our country's cultural literacy. Cultural literacy can be explained by this we are constantly receiving new people into our country and as they come, our cultures rub off on each other, beginning an intertwining, mixing and integration with another. By understanding these different groups we understand their cultures and we become more culturally literate (to the other person's culture) and our cultures actually mix. America is great because of this. The concept of cultural literacy is an important one to understand in order to make America a better place to live for everybody. By learning from the various cultures and ways of immigrants we can apply it to our own government to better it. We can teach and inform one another of new and different information that maybe helpful to each other's culture. People argue that our jobs are being taken by illegal immigrants and that it causes a shortage of employment. However, immigrants are the ones who take the jobs that average U.S. citizens do not want. They help in the development of our country in the way that they are employed in these jobs that offer cheap labor and minimum wage, and to add, which is not nearly enough to survive off of.

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If you were to ask me a long time ago which single immigrant group has had it harder than the others I would have told you none. Each and every immigrant group has suffered in many different ways and to different extents. They have all had it hard to ways we may not be able to understand. From the Jews and Japanese being forced to go to internment camps, the African Americans and Irish being whipped into submission as slaves to another race, to the Chinese being exiled from their own land. However, I can honestly say that I feel today Middle Easterners have it harder than other immigrant groups due to the tragic event of September 11. Since then, Middle Easterners have faced hate crimes, being falsely stereotyped, face racial profiling from law enforcement officials and from others of another culture. Those who are innocent live through the alienation caused by the ignorance of others.

I do not believe that there is a single official model minority group. Each and every immigrant group has their own differences and hardships. Although their problems may seem relatively alike each face these certain situations in their own way. Each group solely represents their own culture and traditions.

Again, because of September 11 I would have to say that Middle Easterners, today, generate the greatest negative public opinion. This disastrous event has caused some people to wrongly construe negative opinions toward all Middle Easterners. However, not all Middle Easterners are out to terrorize our country. But all the negative public opinion can be explained from the misdoings of others. And from the single minded ignorant views of the media. The media largely plays a role in influencing one's perceptions. The media--such as televisions, magazines, and advertisements--sways the public's view to solely one side. Majority of the time only one side of a story is taken into consideration and exposed. This causes misinterpretations and misunderstanding which can lead people into assuming negative things about Middle Easterners.

Immigrants do not present any kind of threat to our country, rather they help form our nation. Immigrants diversify our nation and contribute to the progress of the United States, whether its sharing a little information to expand out cultural literacy to taking unwanted jobs that our citizens reject. America is the large melting pot of cultures, ideas, beliefs, and systems which are greatly diverse. People need to diminish their negative misconceptions of other races which are falsely publicized by the media. We need to come to the truth and realize that individuals' actions do not account for everyone. There are those who are innocent and mean no harm. They simply migrated to the United States in hope for better economic opportunity and a better life style. We must also see that our nation was largely developed with the help of these immigrants. Our nation was born from the womb of the lost, the poor and the exiled. Our nation is one of immigrants and should remain in this manner.

Please note that this sample paper on immigration is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on immigration, we are here to assist you. Your essay on immigration will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Death: we will surpass it and be forever beyond its reach

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In "Death be not proud, though some have called thee (46)," John Donne artfully uses words of verse to humble fearsome death. Though John Donne's poem was written over three hundred years ago, it has survived the centuries because it discusses the universal topic of death with a refreshing approach, one that causes people to reevaluate their concepts of death. Through use of personification, irony, and paradox, John Donne suggests that there is no reason to fear death and that the spirit, not death, shall be the victor of all things in the end.

The speaker of the poem begins by telling death blatantly that it has no reason to be proud "for thou art not so" (line ). Addressing death, a metaphysical being, rather than a single tangible being, clearly constitutes a metaphorical personification. John Donne uses this device continually in his poem to play on the logic of the readers. Examples of personification are as follows his use of capitalization of the letter "D" on Death, as if death was a proper name, and the capitalization of other improper nouns, such as fate, chance, poison, war and sickness. Most important is the fact that the entire poem is spoken to death as if it was a person to be accepting his criticism; Donne uses "thou," a direct address to some "one". To talk to death directly, in a literal sense, would sound ridiculous and foolish because the readers know that death cannot respond, so from the very beginning, the speaker uses a clear form of metaphor to ensure the suspension of disbelief.

A second technique John Donne uses to communicate his mockery of death is irony. The speaker almost sarcastically calls it "poor Death …" (line 4), which implies that the speaker pities death. Normally pity is reserved for the victims of death, not for death itself. In line nine, the speaker says that death is the "slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men." Are not these thing usually considered to be the slaves of death? It could be argued that fate, chance, kings and desperate men are decision makers and can design or cause the deaths of people, but since all of those variables ultimately result in death, it can be said that death is far superior to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men by virtue of its being the inevitable culmination of all events. It is also ironic that death "with Poison, War, and Sickness dwells" (line 10) because common knowledge suggests that poison and war and sickness would fall under the domain of death and fate. Changing the syntax so that it reads "… and Sickness dwells" connotes that death is under the domain of the poison, war, and sickness, not vice versa.

Another important rhetorical device Donne uses is paradox. In so many words, the speaker of "Death be not Proud, though some have called thee" tells death that sleep is superior to it because sleep is enjoyable, and can even be easily induced with "poppy or charms" (line 11), while death is not at all enjoyable. This may be true, but the paradox here is that a definition of death is eternal sleep, and if sleep is truly as wonderful as the speaker claims, logically speaking, death would be preferred. Also, in line three and four, the speaker tells death that it is foolish to think it has ever conquered anyone; it even goes so far as to tell death "nor yet canst thou kill me." In a physical sense, death is the very result of killing, so if that statement is taken literally, it is shown to be a blatant lie. "Nor canst thou kill me" is a powerful declaration; such strong remark would not have been stated if the reader did not think that it was true in some way. Therefore, to find the validity of this statement, the reader must look beyond to a deeper meaning than the literal one. The deeper meaning implied here is that although the speaker can be defeated by death physically, the speaker will remain immortal because the spirit will never die. This is more clearly expressed by a paradox in the final two lines of the poem "we wake eternally and death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die"; notice that this is the only place in the poem that the author does not capitalize death. Obviously, death really can not die because it does not have a body, but if these lines are viewed from a spiritual viewpoint, death can die because after people die, they are no longer susceptible to death; therefore, death dies and it is no longer a factor in someone's existence. The idea of the spirit is also mentioned in line eight which states "Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery."

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During the entire poem, Donne clearly retains the same emphatic, confident, almost belligerent attitude, which invites us to view death as a morally inferior thing; he does this through diction. The speaker clearly links certain "inferior" sounding words with death; he uses "slave," "poor," and "with poison, war, and sickness dwell." To be a salve is a terrible existence, to be poor is a pitiable existence, and to live alongside poison, war, and sickness is a dreadful and volatile existence. No person would choose such a life and the thought that death does so makes death wretched and pathetic in the eyes of the readers. In addition, Donne uses many words that link Death's personality with arrogance, like "proud," "mighty and dreadful," "overthrow," and "swell'st," which may seem noble in other contexts, but are unwanted qualities in this poem due to its tone. All these words connote an amount of degradation because if we view them altogether, they create a pompous, tyrannical, terrible, and depraved picture of death.

Amazingly, by describing and addressing death through the use of all the previously mentioned literary devices, the poet actually winds up conquering and intangible. His words triumph over death because the poem ends with the following idea even though death can be terrible, powerful, and indiscriminate, we shall overcome it in the end, because when death comes for us, we will surpass it and be forever beyond its reach.

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Fudge Brownie Supreme: A Dip into Temptation

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"Food is comforting, nourishing, loving and fun. It encourages self-acceptance, replacing fear and guilt about food with a feeling of freedom. It offers a fresh attitude about eating and helps you feel good about yourself. It leads you to a deeper, richer, more sensitively view of food and of life." This comes from Eating for Ecstasy and Energy by Lois Ferguson. In "Stolen Chocolates" by Ursula Hegi, "All You Can Eat" by Robin Hemley, and "A Small Good Thing" by Raymond Carver, we read about the way food has influenced individuals. The following essay will discuss in-depth how food contributed to affecting people in the above short stories. In addition to the short stories, the movie Chocolat will quickly be discussed, because it too contains certain situations that were affected by eating and sharing food.

To begin, in "Stolen Chocolates" Vera had a dream that came to her out of no where. After running into her first love Eddie at a restaurant who at the time had tripled his size, she returned home only to find herself dream about this man. "[I had] a wonderfully erotic dream about Eddie...He drew me into his huge embrace...And spread in front of us were all the pastries and cakes I had ever denied myself...We ate together-passionately, joyfully-letting each other taste the most satisfying delicacies without remorse." (Hegi 6) This dream shows that Vera plunged into her enticement of sweets and did so with someone she had trouble accepting. The delicacies affected the way she woke up, stating she had an erotic dream, and on top of that, enjoyed it.

Moving on to "All You Can Eat" we read about a man Jack who transformed from dispirited, somber and annoyed to laughing, kind and playful. This major change took place all because of the presence of food. He began by saying, "I didn't want to be here in the first place. In fact when Sarah suggested it, I blew up." (Hemley 11) BY the end of the story Jack said "...I can't stop doing the dance. This is ten times better than watching "Meet the Press." It's hard worry about work, divorce, or even the world when you're doing the Hokey Pokey." (Hemley 18) This shift in personality all took place after Jack put the sweet, succulent syrup on his pancakes. "I take a few bites of my pancakes, swishing them around in the syrup with my fork. Yum, yum...[T]hey're so good. I never realized before that covering them with syrup makes all the difference in the world." (Hemley 14) Not many people would change because of syrup, but Jack did.

The last short story to be discussed is entitled "A Small Good Thing." After the tragic death of Scotty, the son of Ann and Howard happiness was doomed. Due to the fact that Scotty died a day or two after his birthday, the cake that his mother ordered was not picked up, nor was it even remembered and the baker went crazy. The baker treated the couple exceptionally vile just because the cake was not picked up. He had no idea about the predicament in which the couple had been faced with and Ann and Howard took this to heart. After rushing to the bakery to let him have it, they arrived and Ann said, "My son's dead...We've been waiting with him until he died. But, of course, you couldn't be expected to know that, could you?...He's dead, you bastard!" (Carver) It was not until the baker went on to say, "Let me ask you if you can find it in your hearts to forgive me." (Carver) After he apologized over and over again and he brought out some food for the couple, "You probably need something to eat," the baker said. Eating is a small, good thing in a time like this." (Carver) The three of them ate "warm cinnamon rolls just out of the oven, the icing still runny." (Carver) The more they ate, the less hostility there was. The food from the baker was a sure influence on Ann and Howard. Such an influence to keep them there talking "into the early morning...and they did not think of leaving." (Carver)

On top of the three short stories that demonstrate how highly possible it is for food to be such a major influence on people, the movie Chocolat will be examined. When Vianne opened her Chocolaterie filled with mouthwatering sweets during lent the whole town was ready to abandon her and her daughter Anouk, and not many people in the community embraced her efforts; most of them shunned her. Not many of the individuals of the town befriend Vianne and her daughter, except Amande Voizin, the woman who owns the shop that Vianne rents actually opens up and welcomes Vianne and Anouk. She slowly but surely opens up to Vianne following taste after taste of her sweets and hot chocolate. Vianne consoles the battered Josephine with her chocolates and the two quickly become friends and co-workers. It is like Viannes chocolates contain magic ingredients, and her shop then becomes a healing center. Like it says on a site that deals with Chocolat, "One confection seems to work like Viagra, while others inspire love, not lust, and inspire an old man to screw up his courage and confess to a local widow that he has adored her forever. Even Armande, Viannes opinionated old landlady, melts under the influence and ends her long hostility to her daughter." Finally by the end of the story, the Comte de Reynaud even gives in to the temptation of this sweet stuff. Now, if all the above situations altered because of food, or to be more precise chocolate do not show that food is an influence, it is not possible to prove.

In conclusion, in "Stolen Chocolates", "All You Can Eat", "A Small Good Thing", and Chocolat, it is definitely obvious that because of the presence of food, many individuals transform. In all the above cases, transformations occur from sad to happy, irritated to delighted, and annoyed to pleased.

Carver, Raymond. "A Small Good Thing." Literature and Its Writers An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Compact Second Edition. Eds. Ann Charters and Samuel Charters, New York Bedford/St. Martin's, 001. 114-11.

Heigi, Ursula. "Stolen Chocolates." Hotel of the Saints. New York Simon and Schuster, 001. 58-6

Hemley, Robin. "All You Can Eat." All You Can Eat. Atlantic Monthly Press, 188.

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Anti-Semitism in Nazi Germany in 1935-1938

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World War II was hard for many people. But it was especially hard for those who had to endure the pain from the very beginning. I'm mainly speaking of the Jews, or using the German word for Jew, Jude. These people went through the most horrifying things that you could think of. They were banned from their own homes; their shops and their ways of living were attacked. The Jews even had to sit on separate benches; they were marked either for the Jews only or for Aryans only. Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party did everything they could to make life for them miserable.

When Adolf Hitler came into office for the first time in 1, he changed every law possible. And he and his SS, or Security Squad, murdered anyone who got into the way of what he was doing. They passed the first law on April 7th, 1. This law was "For the Restoration of the Civil Service." The rules and regulations are as follows

1. This divided Germans into "Aryans and Non Aryans". Non Aryans are people with at least one Non Aryan parent or grandparent.

. Non-Aryan, especially Jewish, civil servants could be dismissed from their jobs.

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. Jews were barred from other professions, including law and journalism.

4. In July of 1 a law took away the citizenship of Jews who had moved to Germany after 114.

5. Education opportunities were taken away from Jews.

6. Jewish Religious life was also attacked when ritual slaughter of kosher meat was made illegal in April 14. (Wigoder )

More laws were passed later around 15 to take away any rights that the Jews had left. The Nuremberg Laws is what they were called. They were passed on September 15, 15. These laws were also known as "The Reich Citizenship Acts". There are two main laws, "The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor", and the second "The Citizenship Law". The first law consisted of four main rules and regulations. They are as follows

1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or related blood are forbidden.

. Sexual relationships between Jews and citizens of German or related blood are forbidden.

. Jews are forbidden to have female citizens employed that are German or related blood under 45 years of age.

4. Jews are not permitted to display the German flag or national colors. (Rogasky 1)

The second law consists of three rules and regulations. They are as follows

1. A citizen of the Reich is only that subject of German or related blood who proves by his conduct that he is ready and able to serve the German people and the Reich faithfully.

. Only the full citizen of the Reich enjoys full political rights.

. A Jew cannot be a citizen of the Reich. He has no right to vote in political affairs and he cannot hold public office.

These laws made the life that Jews had to live unbearable, but yet they did not leave. It usually took lots of money. You had to pick up your whole life and move it to another town where you know no one and know nothing.

Kristallnacht, otherwise known as Crystal night, was one of the scariest nights that anyone could ever go through. This occurred on the night and morning of November ninth and tenth 18. The night was called "Crystal Night" because of the huge amounts of broken glass from smashed Jewish storefronts and homes that littered the streets all over Germany. An order was sent out to Gestapo offices and police stations all over the country, it stated that "At very short notice actions against Jews, especially their synagogues, will take place throughout Germany. They are not to be hindered. SS offices received this instauration; such measures are to be taken that do not entail danger to German life and property." (Rogasky ) "An order sent to the city of Mannheim left little to the imagination All the Jewish synagogues within the Fiftieth Brigade are to be blown up or set on fire immediately. Neighboring houses occupied by Aryans are not to be damaged. This action is to be carried out in civilian clothes". (Rogasky ) Over 7,500 businesses were set on fire or otherwise destroyed. ( Berwick 11) Approximately 1,000 synagogues were burned or destroyed during kristallnacht. (Berwick 11) Nazi figures admit to destroying 815 shops, department stores, and 171 houses. The true figures were several times greater. (Rogasky 6) The Jews had to fix everything for themselves. Any insurance that was paid to them for the damage was to be paid immediately to the Reich. They were also fined one billion reichsmarks, which was then close to $500 million. The Nazi explanation of this fee was that the Jews were paying for their "terrible crime" against the German people. Someone who lived through this horrible time lived long enough to tell his story. During his column he told of his own experience and what he thought the impact of Kristallnacht was. He said "Kristallnacht was a turning point because up to that time the Nazis did not openly incite the whole population to kill publicity. Before, people were killed secretly and individually, but this happened openly. After that night, the whole world knew it would not get better at all, and Jews knew only a dark future. It was called the 'Night of Broken Glass,' but it was more than that. You can clean up glass, but you cannot do that with people." (Rabbi Wiener 1)

After that it just got worse and worse. The living conditions seemed to grow worse. There was a third phase of the legislation began in November 18. On November 1, 18 a decree was issued to eliminate the Jews from German economic life. Jews were barred from most occupations in German society. Other laws were passed that allowed the majority of Jewish-owned businesses to be seized by the Nazi and Aryanized. In September 141 the law was passed that said " All Jews from the age of six are forbidden to appear in public without displaying the Jewish star." In October 141 Jews were forbidden to leave their homes without permission.

I feel horrible for the way that the millions of people were treated. It was not right and whoever could have done such a thing was a very sick person. Perhaps Mr. Hitler had a demented childhood, or maybe some unresolved issues, but whatever the reason it was not reason enough for the damage that was done to so many lives.

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The Life of John Keats

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The Life of John Keats

John Keats was a romantic poet and this paper will focus on the poem "To Sleep". The poem "To Sleep" examines the similarities between sleep and death. John Keats had a short life but it was very full. He went through so much and that was usually the basis of his poems. In this paper, "To Sleep," will be analyzed and will also discuss some of the criticisms. John Keats basically compares sleep and death and how similar they actually are. This paper will discuss the poems theme, tone, structure, literal and figurative meanings. Even though the life of John Keats was short, there is a lot to say about the 7 years that the romantic poet lived.

John Keats was a very important romantic poet that was born on October 1, 175. He was born to Frances Jennings and Thomas Keats and was the oldest of four children. All the children were extremely close. His father, Thomas was a stable manager who died in 1804 in a riding accident. Keats's mother remarried soon after Thomas died, but the marriage did not last. His mother died of tuberculosis in 1810.

In school Keats was not an excellent student, but he loved to read. He fell in love with English Literature and that was probably why he began writing poetry and letters at all. He was most known for his fighting. In 1811 Keats went to work under a surgeon. While he studied for his license he finished his first poem "Lines in Imitation of Spenser" in 1814. In 1815 Keats moved back to London to finish studying surgery at Guy's hospital. Before he became a full time poet Keats worked as a junior house surgeon.

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While in London John Keats met Leigh Hunt and Leigh introduced him to some romantic poets. Keats published his first book in 1817, but the outcome was not good at all. Sales were very poor. Keats was discouraged by the outcome, so he spent the spring with his brother Tom. While Keats was with his brother he wrote letters often and that is how he would come up with his ideas for his poetry. Some of his works that were considered his greatest were written in the 1810s, but around 1818 he went on break and took care of his brother who was dying of tuberculosis.

In 180 Keats published a second volume of poems. This time his works were successful. The feelings in most of his poems were sad because he went through a tough time with the love of his life. Her name was Fanny Brawne and they were engaged. The problem was that he was not wealthy enough to marry her, so after a certain period of time they had to break the engagement. After all of these tragic events happened his health began to fail. Keats started to get sick but and that is when his poetry began to express the theme of death. He was diagnosed with the same thing that most of his family died from, tuberculosis. Keats decided to travel to Italy because the warmer climates might have been better for his sickness. He went to Italy with his friend and painter, Joseph Severn to get away from cold Italy. While in Italy he wrote many poems but his health began to fail so he could not do as much. John Keats died at age 5 on February , 181.

John Keats wrote the poem "To Sleep" in 181 just two years before he died of tuberculosis. "To Sleep" is a common, 14 line sonnet, that was written and inspired by Keats's illness. Keats decided to write about a poem related to sleep because that was how he felt all the time because of the tuberculosis. Keats felt like he was suffering and dying slowly. So in his poem "To Sleep" he compared sleeping to dying. Keats finds the meaning of common things like sleep and relates it to something more abstract like death.

John used words in his poem to compare sleep to death. He used words like sleep, death, and lords. Keats made it known that his death was getting the best of him because he made it known that his eyes were willing to be closed. This means that he was ready to move on to the next life. He was done with this world and could not take the pain of his disease anymore. He knows that when he sleeps he drifts out of consciousness but he eventually wakes up and he has to deal with the day of pain all over again. Keats is hoping that one day he will sleep and not wake up. He has nothing positive to look forward to anymore. His life is pretty much over because tuberculosis consumed his life.

The theme of the poem is that when we sleep we are considered dead because are not really conscious. We do not really know what's going on. The only difference between sleep and death is that when we sleep we are breathing and we wake up the next morning.

The tone the John uses in the poem "To Sleep" is a sad and depressing tone. He uses this type of tone because even though he wants to die he is somewhat sad about leaving this earth. He also is not really satisfied with the work that he has done as a poet. One major reason that the tone of this poem was depressing was because he lost the love of his life. He felt that he had nothing else to live for. His happiness was gone and his poetry was not successful, so his life was worthless in his eyes. So basically, John uses this tone to express the way he feels inside about everything that has happened in his life.

"To Sleep" had one main meaning. Keats wanted to die and that was expressed in the poem. He gave up and the poem made that clear. John plead with death to take him away or rescue him from all his pain. Even though he moved out of the area that may have been making his condition worse, he never got better. The last line of the poem wraps everything up when he asks sleep to seal the casket of his soul. The casket represented his life. He wanted that life to be over.

In the beginning of John Keats career, many criticized him and his poetry was not popular at all. As time grew on he became a little more popular but he did not become known for his works until after he died. This is when he became famous, just like most poets. He had some really close friends even though he was closest with his family. Some of his friends were Joseph Severn and Leigh Hunt. He was also close with many other writers such as Percy Shelley. Other writers influenced him as well, and they were inspiration for some of his own works. Writers such as Samuel Taylor Coleridge were some of the people who inspired him.

http//www.literatureclassics.com/showbiography.asp?IDNo=0&bioID=

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Principes de base de marketing

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1. As decisions are made by the strategic apex, which is very often represented by the chief executive, there is no need for long dialogue within the organization. Decision-making process is then very fast. However, the lack of dialogue can result in frustration and a lack of responsabilization within the members of the organization.

. On the one hand, the adaptability to the environment is maximum because there is no standardization of outputs and processes. This structure enables the organization to adapt its outputs to the demands of a dynamic environment or a hardly predictable one. On the other hand, the core operating cannot be independent because of this lack of standardization and procedures and a strong supervision is required.

. The absence of support staff and technostructure simplifies communication within the organization. Liaison device are hardly necessary. But the organization cannot deal with work that requires many different technical competences because of this lack of specialization.

4. Example of entrepreneurial start-up the case of…

One of the first steps after analyzing the organizational culture is to understand the organizational structure. ONeill, Beauvais, and Scholl (17) discussed the differences between different organizational cultures and structures. In some cases such as the adhocracy a formal structure with vision statements may never be created.

McDonalds Corporation and the United States Forest Rangers are two organizations, which have been described as possessing strong cultures. Kilmann, Saxton, and Serpa (186) defined strong cultures as those where organization members place pressure on other members to adhere to norms. While both organizations possess strong cultures, each has a need for different levels of structure. One organization produces a highly standardized product thousands of times daily necessitating substantial structure (i.e. McDonald's). The other (i.e. U.S. Forest Rangers) is faced with situations with manifold nuances at every occurrence, and in fact, where too much structure could result in important and perhaps catastrophic subtleties being overlooked. Given that high levels of structure are most suitable in stable environments with relatively simple tasks (Burns & Stalker, 161), and a forest fire presents anything but a stable environment with simple tasks, structure may not be the appropriate device for behavioral control and may even be detrimental to employee performance.

Each organization has very distinct goals and needs. The structure is created in order to achieve these goals and thus affects the culture. Mintzberg (17) created a typology of different organizational structures including the entrepreneurial startup, the machine bureaucracy, the professional bureaucracy, and the adhocracy.

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Enter

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North Korea startled a six-nation conference in China on East Asian security by announcing its intentions to formally declare its possession of nuclear weapons and to carry out a nuclear test, an administration official said Thursday.

North Korean Deputy Foreign Minister Kim Yong Il also told the gathering that his country has the means to deliver nuclear weapons, an apparent reference to the Norths highly developed missile program.

The comments cast a pall over Thursdays plenary session, which included representatives of the United States, South Korea, China, Japan and Russia, in addition to North Korea.

James Kelly, the chief U.S. delegate, demanded that North Korea engage in the verifiable and permanent dismantling of its nuclear weapons programs, in return for which the United States would provide security guarantees and economic benefits.

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The administration official, asking not to be identified, said that when Russia and Japan attempted to point out some positive elements of the U.S. presentation, the North Korean delegate attacked them by name and said they were lying at the instruction of the United States.

According to the administration official, Chinas delegate appeared visibly angry over Kims statement but responded in a moderate tone.

Kim said his country was maintaining this position because the United States clearly had no intention of abandoning its hostile policy toward North Korea, the U.S. official said.

Earlier, a South Korean diplomat said delegates from the six countries had agreed on the need to hold more such talks and probably will.

The current round of talks is scheduled to end Friday after three days. The United States, North and South Korea, Russia, Japan and China are trying to balance U.S. demands for an end to North Koreas nuclear program and the communist nations insistence on a nonaggression treaty with Washington and humanitarian aid.

There is a consensus that the process of six-party talks should continue and is useful, said Wie Sung-rak, director-general of the South Korean Foreign Ministrys North American Affairs Bureau. Like other delegates from the talks, he chose his words carefully to avoid suggesting a formal agreement had been made.

Asked to verify a Russian media report that all six would meet again within two months, he said Its possible, but you have to wait until tomorrow morning.

Russian Alexander Losyukov, the deputy foreign minister and the head of Russias delegation, earlier had said the six reached a common understanding to meet again within the next two months, probably in Beijing, the ITAR-Tass news agency reported.

The United States said it would hold no formal one-on-one talks with North Korea at the three-day summit and the Americans played down the importance of an informal meeting Wednesday between the top U.S. and North Korean envoys on the sidelines of the talks.

That half-hour meeting between Assistant Secretary of State James Kelly and North Korean Deputy Foreign Minister Kim Yong Il ended four months of official silence between the two nations.

A U.S. Embassy spokesman in Beijing said there will not be any separate formal bilateral meetings with the North Koreans. The official spoke on customary condition of anonymity.

The informal direct contact between U.S. and North Korean officials suggests both sides want a solution, though overcoming their deep philosophical and political differences will be a formidable task.

Both sides would benefit if a sturdy channel of communication were re-established -- even if it didnt lead to an immediate resolution of the nuclear dispute. Mere agreement this week to keep talking regularly would constitute some degree of success.

At a briefing for South Korean journalists, Wie said North Korea had reiterated that it would shut down its program -- conditionally.

North Korea is expressing its willingness to make itself nuclear-free, although it is making several demands, he said. He wouldnt say what those demands were.

He added that the United States said it was willing to address the issue of security concerns of North Korea.

The six countries were still working on what kind of joint statement they would issue when the talks end Friday, Wie said.

The delegations broke for the day at midafternoon with little indication of whether progress had been made.

Pyongyang had long demanded one-on-one talks with the United States, but dropped its objections to the multilateral arrangement after Beijing agreed to host it.

Many believe North Korea wanted such direct talks to increase its standing in East Asia and to convey its demands directly to the United States. Washington, though, wanted the opposite and said the situation affected the entire region and should be dealt with multilaterally.

The three-day summit came together after months of political maneuvering when China -- political ally of North Korea and economic partner of the United States -- agreed to be the host. The six-party talks are a continuation of discussions from April, when U.S., Chinese and North Korean officials met in Beijing.

Tensions and hostilities have been escalating since October, when Pyongyang acknowledged -- to Kelly himself -- that it restarted a nuclear program it had supposedly shut down. The United States has demanded that North Korea stop the program immediately, while the impoverished North has refused to budge without guarantees of security and economic aid.

U.S. officials say they believe North Korea has one or two nuclear weapons, and experts believe it could produce five to six more in a few months.

In a separate meeting after Thursdays talks adjourned, Japan urged North Korea to let the children of five Japanese citizens kidnapped and spirited to North Korea years ago join their parents, who were permitted last year to return to their homeland.

North Korea, however, reiterated its assertion that Japan had broken a promise by not returning the five abductees to Pyongyang, according to a statement by the Japanese government.

The kidnapping of Japanese citizens during the 170s and 180s by North Korea -- to train its spies to assume false identities -- has stalled efforts by the two countries to set up diplomatic relations and halted Japans food aid to impoverished North Korea.

Delegates from the North and South also got together after the talks ended Wednesday, meeting for a half-hour, said Shin Bong-kil, spokesman for the South Korean delegation.

The Koreas were divided in 145 and share a heavily fortified border. The 150-5 Korean War ended without a peace treaty.

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The true believer critique

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The great Exodus from Egypt. The Pilgrims. The Nazi movement. The Communist revolution. What do all these events have in common? This question is answered in Eric Hoffers dynamic, provocative book, The True Believer Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements. In this thought provoking book, the reader is exposed to a radical, inspiring outlook into the variables of a mass movement. Eric Hoffer presents readers with a exciting journey into the mind of a fanatic and the catalysts for stimulating a mass movement. The True Believer brings home some very practical, logical, but overlooked points concerning the draw and attraction of mass movements and fanaticism, which, in turn, furnishes the reader a greater depth of understanding in the disposition of mass movements.

Mr. Hoffer makes some amazing implications in his writing concerning the enticement and allure of mass movements. The most striking quotation from his book describing the glitz of a mass movement can be found in section 4;

A rising mass movement attracts and holds a following not by its doctrine and promises, but by the refuge it offers from the anxieties, barrenness and meaninglessness of an individual existence. It cures the poignantly frustrated not by conferring on them an absolute truth or by remedying the difficulties and abuses which made their lives miserable, but by freeing them from their ineffectual selves - and it does this by enfolding them and absorbing them into a closely knit and exultant corporate whole. (4)

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This statement, written by Hoffer gives beautiful insight and awakens the reader to the attractiveness of a mass movement to its followers. The first sentence is especially powerful in stating how people are not attracted to the movement because of its doctrine and promises, but because they are looking for a refuge from the storms of life. The following quotations, when used together, gave clear insight into one of the most striking points in the book.

Unless a man has the talents to make something of himself, freedom is an irksome burden. Of what avail is freedom to choose if the self be ineffectual? We join a mass movement to escape individual responsibility, or, in the words of the ardent young Nazi, to be free from freedom. It was not sheer hypocrisy when the rank-and-file Nazis declared themselves not guilty of all the enormities they had committed. They considered themselves cheated and maligned when made to shoulder responsibility for obeying orders. Had they not joined the Nazi movement in order to be free from responsibility? (6)

Faith in a holy cause is to a considerable extent a substitute for the lost faith in ourselves (8)

The less justified a man is in claiming excellence for his own self, the more ready is he to claim all excellence for his nation, religion, his race or his holy cause. ()

A man is likely to mind his own buisness when it is worth minding. When it is not, he takes his mind off his own meaningless affairs by minding other peoples buisness. (10)

This statement gives an example of how people join mass movements not because of what beliefs are, but because they have lost all hope in themselves. This passage also expresses the insight of the author to declare that the members of mass movements who outwardly express that they are changing for the betterment of mankind, are really motivated by selfishness rather than the selflessness they preach. In addition to the lengthy, perceptive discussion on the draw of mass movements, Hoffer also gave a taste of fanaticism and the drive and creation of a fanatic.

In section 61, Hoffer describes the fanatic as perpetually incomplete and insecure... that cannot generate self-assurance out...of his rejected self-but finds it only by clinging passionately to whatever support he happens to embrace. This definition of a fanatic leads to intriguing discussion in the book on fanaticism. The fanatic, according to Hoffer, is a passionate person, that cannot be weaned away from his cause by an appeal to his reason or moral sense. In short, fanatics are the catalysts of a mass movement. They somehow all find each other and feed off of each others fanatical ideas. Hoffer explains how the fanatics are noncreative men of words. He gives examples of the leaders of the Nazi regime and how their lack of creativity all drew them to fanaticism.

Hitler tried painting and architecture; Goebbels, drama, the novel and poetry; Rosenberg, architecture and philosophy... (111).

Hoffer goes on about the Nazi leaders and how Their artistic and literary ambitions were integral parts were originally far deeper than political ambitions and were integral parts of their personalities. These fanatics succeed in mass movements because of their inner drive that keeps them metaphorically alive. Once victory has been won and the new order begins to crystallize, the fanatic becomes an element of strain and disruption. The taste for strong feeling drives him on to search for mysteries yet to be revealed...He keeps groping for extremes. (11). The great drive of the fanatics leads them to be successful in their cause for a little while, but always ultimately fail because they wreck the movement by driving it to attempt the impossible. (11).

Eric Hoffers provocative book, The True Believer, brings home some very practical, logical, but overlooked points concerning the draw and attraction of mass movements and fanaticism, which, in turn, furnishes the reader a greater depth of understanding in the disposition of mass movements. Hoffers book is very quotable book that can be used for practical daily application His analysis of mass movements was one of eye-opening ideals and his intellectual honesty gives the reader a fresh outlook on concepts where other authors would keep silent to remain politically correct.

Hoffer was very accurate on his analysis of mass movements. His explanations ironically made sense and also served as an eye opening experience for the reader. The True Believer is truly a gem and is a book that is very concise and thought provoking. The points made in this paper only skimmed the surface of the depths of its sagacious, quotable ideas. Genuinely a masterpiece, The True Believer is worth reading again and again for the greater understanding of the sociology of mass movements.

Please note that this sample paper on the true believer critique is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on the true believer critique, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on the true believer critique will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Kids and Condoms

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Critical Assessment of Myths in Social Behavior and Society

Why do kids need accessibility to contraceptives? How many kids really wait until they marry to have sex? Should adults make condoms and other contraceptives available in schools and other places where kids gather? It is a myth to assume that kids will abstain from having sex and that the availability of contraceptives somehow promotes and encourages kids to engage in sexual activity.

If we make condoms available in our public schools, children will likely engage in sexual activity. Society's conservative leaders and groups will argue this point until they are blue in the face. Is it true? It is highly unlikely that providing condoms and other contraceptives will encourage sexual activity in teens. From the post WWII era and well into the new millennium, teens routinely engage in sexual activity. It is a fact of life. Sexual self-discovery is a natural part of becoming an adult, a proverbial right of passage, if you will. Nature provides teens with the necessary mechanics for reproduction, and hormones provide the drive. Curiosity eventually sets in, and teens inevitably begin to wonder what all the hype is about, so they have sex. More often than not, the experience is less than ideal. It is an awkward time in their body's development for both boys and girls. Many kids learn about sex from friends, siblings, and sexual education classes. It seems like classrooms would be ideal places for teachers not only to educate, but also to provide adolescents with the protective tools necessary for their inevitable journey.

More and more teens are abstaining from having sex, so making condoms available to them is not necessary. This myth does not address the point that although more teens practice abstinence, the masses still engage in sexual activity, and they are active at younger and younger ages; therefore, condoms are more necessary than ever. Without the availability of contraceptives, rates of teen pregnancy would increase substantially. What happens when teens get pregnant? Pregnant teens are often required to attend special schools for teen mothers so that other public school students do not assume that teen pregnancy is acceptable. Administrators feel that this sort of separation is effective, and perhaps it is, but all of this could have been prevented with the use of a simple latex condom. Without it, teens gamble with their lives. With youth comes the ignorant notion that teen pregnancy happens to other people. It probably will not happen to me. The numbers prove otherwise. Who bears the burden of raising these children? Typically, the teens themselves are too young to provide the basic necessities. It is usually the teen's parents who opt to shoulder the responsibilities, financial and otherwise. It is a substantial price to pay, and more importantly, it is preventable.

Our son or daughter would never engage in sexual activity without first considering all the implications, so condoms should not be made available to him or her. As much as we would like to believe the aforementioned statement, it is not true. Many teens experiment with alcohol, drugs, and other mind-altering substances within their peer groups. It is likely that during one of these more relaxed moments in life, he or she will engage in sexual activity. This is all the more reason that teens should be provided with condoms to limit teen pregnancy and to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Many working parents have less than ideal relationships with their teens. The proverbial birds and the bees talk usually takes place after it is too late, if at all. Besides, many teens would rather not discuss sex with their parents. This is why condoms should be made available in school.

It is a myth to assume that contraceptives somehow promote and encourage kids to engage in sexual activity and that kids will abstain from having sex until they are 18. One thing is clear. Teens will have sex whether we provide them with condoms or not. Parents are naturally inclined to want to protect their children. So why not provide them with an extra layer of protection to shield them from the potential hazards of inevitable sexual promiscuity. We are in the midst of a new era, and these new times call for more pro-active measures. Contraceptives do not promote. Contraceptives protect. Parents, conservatives, and religious groups should not be fearful of teens having access condoms. As Roosevelt said, "We have nothing to fear, but fear itself."

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This years Analysis

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Pierce Adams adams 1

S.M. Balding

English 111

September 10, 00

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The Year's Analysis

On August 11, 00, as friends and I gather the night before our first day of senior year. With all of our friends sitting around and reminiscing about the first three years of high school we start making all the right predictions about how exciting and fun the coming up year is going to be, and how fast its going to fly by. With all the underclassmen looking up towards us as if we were God, there has been no other greater feeling throughout our years at Apex High School. In the year to come we looked forward to the being of the "Top Dogs" on campus, having very slack classes, and most importantly, we looked forward to the week we were going to spend together for spring break. The graduating class of 00 just completed the best year of their lives.

The only word that can describe Apex high in two thousand two and two thousand three is seniors. This is the best year that anyone can go through throughout their years in grammar school. Personally that was the best time of my life. As of August 1, 00 the graduating class of two thousand three were the "Top Dogs" around Apex High. On the first day of school, with eight-teen and nine-teen year olds running up and down the halls yelling and screaming SENIORS after a long night of partying, I walked up and down the halls, through classrooms, through the parking lot, and all I could hear was "Man, he's big," "I can't wait to be like him," and "please don't hurt me!" These were the cries of the underclassmen as they focused on how much fun it was for students to be seniors. If a senior ever needed anything done an underclassmen would be the first one he would ask. Any answer but yes was the wrong answer when replying to and upperclassmen. In a senior's mind, the freshmen, sophomores, and juniors had no say in anything that went on throughout the campus. These were the kids that we have always dreamed of. These were the kids that we all have seen on the movies getting pushed around and stuffed in lockers. If a senior was in the same class as an under classmen, and something happened where the senior was going to be blamed, then the freshman, sophomore, or junior would immediately get pointed out and blamed for the situation. This was the beauty of just being the older student. In some cases just because we were the oldest kids on campus there were special exceptions for us. On some occasions some seniors had the privilege to leave early from class or getting a note to go to the "library" to work on a paper. When we got to the library we would race to the computers. A popular website among the senior class was addictinggames.com. This website was a lifesaver. While sitting in class bored to death you realize that you can easily bribe your teacher to let you leave. Once you kiss the teachers butt just a little bit you were home free. There at the library we were able to waste away the class period with computer games and not even worry about class. This again, was the beauty of just being the older student.

When you get to the end of the junior year in high school most everyone has all or most all of the required credits to graduate. With that done that made a lot of room for you to take close to four electives. A few of those classes are basketball, soccer, hockey; ping-pong; and weight training. These were just three of the many slack classes that a senior was able to partake in during their senior year. All through high school algebra, science, history, and English were such a problem with all students. Learning about things from the 1700s, and how the butterflies from South Africa migrate to Canada is not what teenagers really care about. Now, those classes were in the past. In completing most all of the required high school credits that are supposed to be completed by the end of everyone's junior year, these fun and entertaining classes were now made available. When waking up in the morning and not worrying about a big science test or a major history exam became a reality, high school seemed like a breeze. The best part about taking some of these classes was that at the end of the semester there was not an exam. For most electives the teachers didn't even worry about giving an exam before Christmas break and at the end of the year. I know for a fact that in this situation it saved a lot of student's in the long run because they weren't given the opportunity to fail the exam and risk failing for the year. These slack classes were great. They helped everyone get through the last year of high school with a little more ease than the first three years. So therefore seniors with most all their credits completed by the end of their junior year had a few fun classes to take the last year in high school.

At the end of April, twenty-three friends and I were heading towards Myrtle Beach. This was our senior spring break. Half way we started getting anxious and wanted to hurry up and get there. As we got closer and closer the salt in the air smelled as if it were on a saltine cracker. We knew that this week-long trip was going to be unforgettable. As we arrived at the white, run-down, old two story house, excitement rose as we unpacked our bags. Getting away for the eight days was going to be such a relaxation for everyone. Being away for the week away from work, away from parents, and away from all the drama that goes on in a normal high school student's life just gave everyone the chance to get away and have fun. The week went on with partying every night, sleeping late the next day, grabbing a bite to eat, and then doing the same thing over and over again for seven days. This was the best week of my life just knowing that I was at the beach with all my friends and nothing to worry about. Looking around at all of our friends that have been the best friends for as long as you could walk, we realized that everyone is such good friends. Since collage is only three months away, the realization of the real world comes into play. In just a couple of months everyone will be split up and most people will be going to move on to their separate ways.

As we ended the year as "Top Dogs" in Apex High, passing all the slack classes, and making it home safe after a week in Myrtle Beach, my senior year will be a time that I will never forget. With all the people we became so close to throughout the years, it's sad that it will never be the same.

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